内存去了哪里（.NET 应用程序）

Question

我创建了某个进程的完整转储，该进程（进程或其转储文件）需要大约 7GB。 该过程是WCF服务。启动时它需要大约 1.4GB 并在一段时间后增长，但从不超过 2-3GB。从来没有，直到今天。现在它几乎占用了所有空闲内存。

在 WinDbg 中运行 !dumpheap -stat 命令时，我得到下一个：

000007fef929ac78    15038      4878720 System.Collections.Hashtable+bucket[]
000007fe9c4d4d20   118818      7604352 BLL.EmailOptOutBLL
000007fef92a0ec0   727949     17470776 System.RuntimeMethodHandle
000007fef9287fe8    10794     17832144 System.Reflection.Emit.__FixupData[]
000007fe9c6dc5c0   907500     36300000 ExactTargetEmail.etAPI.APIProperty
000007fef927f1b8   409602     39034712 System.Object[]
000007fe9c6d9858   302500     41140000 ExactTargetEmail.etAPI.ObjectExtension
000007fef929f058    49141     52089645 System.Byte[]
000007fef929aee0  2487200    152416116 System.String
00000000013a6030      941   1601636252      Free

所有列出的对象的总大小约为 2.3GB

!eeheap -gc 命令列出 4 个堆，总大小为 6.3GB

问题：剩余的 7GB - 2.3GB = 4.7GB？我怎样才能找到它们在哪里（在 WinDbg 或其他工具中）？

---

!地址-摘要

0:000> !address -summary


Failed to map Heaps (error 80004005)

--- Usage Summary ---------------- RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal
Free                                    387      7fb`98d72000 (   7.983 Tb)           99.79%
<unclassified>                         1141        4`53c8f000 (  17.309 Gb)  98.28%    0.21%
Image                                  2387        0`11ed5000 ( 286.832 Mb)   1.59%    0.00%
Stack                                   141        0`0168c000 (  22.547 Mb)   0.13%    0.00%
TEB                                      47        0`0005e000 ( 376.000 kb)   0.00%    0.00%
NlsTables                                 1        0`00023000 ( 140.000 kb)   0.00%    0.00%
ActivationContextData                     4        0`00007000 (  28.000 kb)   0.00%    0.00%
CsrSharedMemory                           1        0`00005000 (  20.000 kb)   0.00%    0.00%
PEB                                       1        0`00001000 (   4.000 kb)   0.00%    0.00%

--- Type Summary (for busy) ------ RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal
MEM_PRIVATE                             671        4`50a59000 (  17.260 Gb)  98.00%    0.21%
MEM_IMAGE                              3014        0`15304000 ( 339.016 Mb)   1.88%    0.00%
MEM_MAPPED                               38        0`01521000 (  21.129 Mb)   0.12%    0.00%

--- State Summary ---------------- RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal
MEM_FREE                                387      7fb`98d72000 (   7.983 Tb)           99.79%
MEM_RESERVE                             799        2`af232000 (  10.737 Gb)  60.96%    0.13%
MEM_COMMIT                             2924        1`b804c000 (   6.875 Gb)  39.04%    0.08%

--- Protect Summary (for commit) - RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal
PAGE_READWRITE                          897        1`a2017000 (   6.531 Gb)  37.08%    0.08%
PAGE_EXECUTE_READ                       333        0`103c9000 ( 259.785 Mb)   1.44%    0.00%
PAGE_READONLY                           899        0`03940000 (  57.250 Mb)   0.32%    0.00%
PAGE_WRITECOPY                          527        0`01c95000 (  28.582 Mb)   0.16%    0.00%
PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE                  132        0`003b9000 (   3.723 Mb)   0.02%    0.00%
PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY                   88        0`00208000 (   2.031 Mb)   0.01%    0.00%
PAGE_READWRITE|PAGE_GUARD                47        0`000d2000 ( 840.000 kb)   0.00%    0.00%
PAGE_EXECUTE                              1        0`00004000 (  16.000 kb)   0.00%    0.00%

--- Largest Region by Usage ----------- Base Address -------- Region Size ----------
Free                                      5`3fa00000      7f9`5b0e0000 (   7.974 Tb)
<unclassified>                            1`0a3ef000        0`f5611000 (   3.834 Gb)
Image                                   7fe`e7e9a000        0`01338000 (  19.219 Mb)
Stack                                     0`007c0000        0`0007b000 ( 492.000 kb)
TEB                                     7ff`ffe9a000        0`00002000 (   8.000 kb)
NlsTables                               7ff`fffb0000        0`00023000 ( 140.000 kb)
ActivationContextData                     0`00030000        0`00004000 (  16.000 kb)
CsrSharedMemory                           0`7efe0000        0`00005000 (  20.000 kb)
PEB                                     7ff`fffdf000        0`00001000 (   4.000 kb)

---

!eeheap -gc

0:000> !eeheap -gc
Number of GC Heaps: 4
------------------------------
Heap 0 (00000000013d4ad0)
generation 0 starts at 0x00000001066b2868
generation 1 starts at 0x00000001066984b8
generation 2 starts at 0x00000000ffa01000
ephemeral segment allocation context: none
 segment     begin allocated  size
00000000ffa00000  00000000ffa01000  00000001067ea940  0x6de9940(115251520)
Large object heap starts at 0x00000004ffa01000
 segment     begin allocated  size
00000004ffa00000  00000004ffa01000  0000000509173080  0x9772080(158802048)
Heap Size:               Size: 0x1055b9c0 (274053568) bytes.
------------------------------
Heap 1 (00000000013d9960)
generation 0 starts at 0x0000000203ef0168
generation 1 starts at 0x0000000203d01f78
generation 2 starts at 0x00000001ffa01000
ephemeral segment allocation context: none
 segment     begin allocated  size
00000001ffa00000  00000001ffa01000  000000027c2af408  0x7c8ae408(2089477128)
Large object heap starts at 0x000000050fa01000
 segment     begin allocated  size
000000050fa00000  000000050fa01000  000000050fa01018  0x18(24)
Heap Size:               Size: 0x7c8ae420 (2089477152) bytes.
------------------------------
Heap 2 (0000000001e48f90)
generation 0 starts at 0x000000030552c398
generation 1 starts at 0x00000003054a0920
generation 2 starts at 0x00000002ffa01000
ephemeral segment allocation context: none
 segment     begin allocated  size
00000002ffa00000  00000002ffa01000  0000000374600330  0x74bff330(1958736688)
Large object heap starts at 0x000000051fa01000
 segment     begin allocated  size
000000051fa00000  000000051fa01000  000000051fd87130  0x386130(3694896)
Heap Size:               Size: 0x74f85460 (1962431584) bytes.
------------------------------
Heap 3 (0000000001e4bfa0)
generation 0 starts at 0x00000004059eaa60
generation 1 starts at 0x00000004057d3308
generation 2 starts at 0x00000003ffa01000
ephemeral segment allocation context: none
 segment     begin allocated  size
00000003ffa00000  00000003ffa01000  0000000471912bb8  0x71f11bb8(1911626680)
Large object heap starts at 0x000000052fa01000
 segment     begin allocated  size
000000052fa00000  000000052fa01000  0000000534f2d468  0x552c468(89310312)
Heap Size:               Size: 0x7743e020 (2000936992) bytes.
------------------------------
GC Heap Size:            Size: 0x1791cd260 (6326899296) bytes.

Answer 1

如前所述，7.983 Tb 只是可用的虚拟空间 I.E 空间未（尚未）使用。

您的 !address –summary 显示 17 GB ，错误 “Failed to map Heaps”表示原生堆包含在

中

据我所知，您的 17 GB 包含

a) Native heaps,
b) .NET heaps
c) Areas allocated by VirtualAlloc
d) Memory mapped files

.NET 堆贡献了 6 GB，剩下 11 GB 需要调查。 要检查本机堆，您可以尝试：

!heap –s

但是如果它们很大，尺寸可能不可靠，并且它可能不起作用，因为 !address –summary 无法分类。 你也可以试试：

!address
     BaseAddress      EndAddress+1        RegionSize     Type       State                 Protect             Usage
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        0`00000000        0`00010000        0`00010000             MEM_FREE    PAGE_NOACCESS                         Free       
+        0`00010000        0`00020000        0`00010000 MEM_MAPPED  MEM_COMMIT  PAGE_READWRITE                     Heap       [ID: 1; Handle: 0000000000010000; Type: Segment]
+        0`00020000        0`00021000        0`00001000 MEM_PRIVATE MEM_COMMIT  PAGE_READWRITE                     <unknown>  

为长输出做好准备（所以重定向到一个文件），在这里你可以看到 您所有的内存区域和映射文件的文件名。

Answer 2

我希望您的转储文件比 7 GB 更接近 17 GB（正如 Kjell 指出的那样）。我不认为你真的想在你的问题中使用 7 GB，但我可能是错的。查看 this article 以了解更多关于 !dumpheap -summary 中显示的总大小的信息。

相关的是 GC 堆使用 6.2 GB，占已提交内存 (6.875 GB) 的最大份额。这是你最关心的。您的应用程序使用 4 个 GC 堆，其中堆 0 比其他 3 个小一点（~274 MB），后者使用接近 2 GB。如果您的应用没有内存压力，那么花时间进行垃圾收集可能效率不高。

显示您的 !address 和 !heap -s 输出可能有助于理解为什么要保留 10.737 Gb 内存。