强化 PowerShell 脚本以使用 PowerCLI 自动使用 VM

Question

为了获得一个干净的环境来运行其他一些脚本，我需要在每次计划任务触发它时恢复 ESX 主机上的虚拟机。

可以通过运行实现还原：

Set-VM -VM $VMName -Snapshot "MySnapshot" -Confirm:$false

可以通过运行实现启动：

Start-VM -VM $VMName

可以通过运行实现停止：

Shutdown-VMGuest -VM $VMName -Confirm:$false

如何以更安全的方式处理此问题，例如，能够在恢复、启动或停止 VM 时处理错误，并在这些任务之一成功执行时获得返回？

我正在使用 PowerCLI 6.5.0。

Answer 1

您可以使用多种方法来实现这一点。 这里有两个例子：

1. 使用 -ErrorVariable

   # Revert VM
   Set-VM -VM $VMName -Snapshot "MySnapshot" -Confirm:$false -ErrorVariable revertError
   
   If ($revertError)
   {
       Write-Host "An error occured while reverting snapshot !" -ForegroundColor Red
       Write-Host $revertError
   }
   Else
   {
       Write-Host "Successfully reverted to snapshot." -ForegroundColor Green
   }
   
   # Start VM
   Start-VM -VM $VMName -ErrorVariable startError
   
   If ($startError)
   {
       Write-Host "An error occured while starting VM :" -ForegroundColor Red
       Write-Host $startError
   }
   Else
   {
       Write-Host "Successfully started VM." -ForegroundColor Green
   }
   
   # Stop VM
   Shutdown-VMGuest -VM $VMName -Confirm:$false -ErrorVariable shutdownError
   
   If ($shutdownError)
   {
       Write-Host "An error occured while shutting down guest OS of VM :" -ForegroundColor Red
       Write-Host $shutdownError
   }
   Else
   {
       Write-Host "Successfully stopped VM." -ForegroundColor Green
   }
   

2. 使用 @mark-wragg 提到的 Try/Catch

   # Revert VM
   Try
   {
       # Temporarily make all errors terminating
       $errorActionPreference = "Stop"
       Set-VM -VM $VMName -Snapshot "MySnapshot" -Confirm:$false
       Write-Host "Successfully reverted to snapshot." -ForegroundColor Green
   }
   Catch
   {
       Write-Host "An error occured while reverting snapshot !" -ForegroundColor Red
       Write-Host $_.Exception.Message
   }
   Finally
   {
       $errorActionPreference = "Continue"
   }
   
   # Start VM
   Try
   {
       # Temporarily make all errors terminating
       $errorActionPreference = "Stop"
       Start-VM -VM $VMName
       Write-Host "Successfully started VM." -ForegroundColor Green
   }
   Catch
   {
       Write-Host "An error occured while starting VM :" -ForegroundColor Red
       Write-Host $_.Exception.Message
   }
   Finally
   {
       $errorActionPreference = "Continue"
   }
   
   # Stop VM
   Try
   {
       # Temporarily make all errors terminating
       $errorActionPreference = "Stop"
       Shutdown-VMGuest -VM $VMName -Confirm:$false
       Write-Host "Successfully stopped VM." -ForegroundColor Green
   }
   Catch
   {
       Write-Host "An error occured while shutting down guest OS of VM :" -ForegroundColor Red
       Write-Host $_.Exception.Message
   }
   Finally
   {
       $errorActionPreference = "Continue"
   }