如何打包图片？ -Pygame -PyInstaller

Question

所以我得到了main.py，我通过PyInstaller --onefile 变成了main.exe，但是main.exe 仍然需要\data 文件夹中的图像文件img.png，该文件夹与main.py/main.exe 位于同一文件夹中。 .

img_l = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('data', 'img.png'))
screen.blit(img_l, (0, 0))

如何正确打包这些图片？我已经用pygame.image.tostring 搞砸了一段时间，然后尝试将其保存到.txt 文件中，这样我就可以使用data 文件夹中的.txt 文件而不是img.png，然后我可以使用pygame.image.fromstring（也许），但我还没有弄清楚如何让它工作。

我什至不确定这是否是正确/好的方法。

任何想法/建议真诚地表示赞赏。

Answer 1

我对 fromstring 和 tostring 方法了解不多，但您始终可以包括 图像作为base64数据。 Pygame 似乎需要一个实际的图像文件，而不仅仅是一个 blob 二进制数据，所以在下面的示例中，我包含了 3 个小图标作为 base64 字符串 写入名为“data”的子文件夹中的文件。然后传递文件名 到pygame.image.load()。

我使用pyinstaller --onefile filename.py 和 它工作正常，无需对设置/规格/路径等进行任何手动更改。

import os
import hashlib
import pygame
import time
import base64

def create_assets(asset_dict, asset_dir):

    """ 
    hand this function a dictionary of assets (images, mp3s, whatever)
    and an absolute path to the data/asset folder. 
    The function creates the folder and files from the base64 strings
    if they don't exist. If the files exist, an md5 check is run
    instead to ensure integrity 
    """

    first_run = False
    if not os.path.isdir(asset_dir):
        os.mkdir(asset_dir)
        first_run = True
    for label in asset_dict:
        asset = asset_dict[label]
        filename = os.path.join(asset_dir, asset["filename"])
        rewrite = False
        # no need to check file if we just created the data folder
        if not first_run:
            if not os.path.isfile(filename):
                # the file doesn't exist
                rewrite = True
            else:
                # file exists - make sure it's intact via md5
                with open(filename, "rb") as f:
                    if not hashlib.md5(f.read()).hexdigest() == asset["md5"]:
                        # the filename exists but the contents is wrong
                        rewrite = True
        if first_run or rewrite:
            # one of our checks failed or first run - write file
            print ("Writing file: ",filename)
            with open(filename, "wb") as f:
                f.write(base64.b64decode(asset["data"]))
        else:
            print ("File exists: ",filename)


""" 
This the data dictionary. It's very easy to save 
the whole thing as json should you feel like it.
The images are just small, random icons at the moment 

"""

assets = {
    "background": {
        "filename": "bg1.png", 
        "data": "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",
        "md5": "12f7eb2eea8992a2644de649dfaf00b3"
        },
    "player_sprite": {
        "filename": "player_img.png", 
        "data": "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",
        "md5": "79f25f0784a7849415f9c3d0d9d05267"
        },
    "weapon": {
        "filename": "sword1.png", 
        "data": "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",
        "md5": "92485d36b8ac414cc758d9a6c6f28d23"
        },
}

# get absolute path to asset directory
asset_dir = "data"
asset_dir_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), asset_dir)

# create files in asset directory using the assets dictionary
create_assets(assets, asset_dir_path)

pygame.init()

WIDTH = 800
HEIGHT = 600

SCREEN = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))

loaded_images = {}

# initalize/load all the newly created images
for label in assets:
    file_path = os.path.join(asset_dir_path,assets[label]["filename"])
    loaded_images[label] = pygame.image.load(file_path)

pos1 = 0
pos2 = 0
t_start = time.time()

while time.time() - t_start < 5:
    for img in loaded_images:
        SCREEN.blit(loaded_images[img], (pos1, pos2))
        time.sleep(0.2)
        pos1 += 20
        pos2 += 20
        pygame.display.update()

我将图像转换为 base64 字符串，如下所示：

import base64

with open(img_input, "rb") as f:
    with open(img_output_b64, "wb") as f2:
        f2.write(base64.b64encode(f.read()))