Python Tkinter 项目中的 IndexError

Question

我正在尝试在 Python Tkinter 中创建一个记忆游戏。我对 tkinter 还很陌生。我使用嵌套的 for 循环创建了 16 个显示卡片的按钮，并将每个按钮添加到列表中。我的问题是用公主图像替换卡片图像（这是迪士尼公主记忆游戏）。它说列表索引超出范围，尽管它不应该是。有人可以帮我解决吗？我尝试以多种方式解决它，但没有成功。到目前为止，这是我的代码。我还没有完成游戏，所以有些变量没有真正使用。

代码：

from tkinter import *
from random import choice

screen = Tk()
screen.title("Disney Princesses Memory Game")
width = screen.winfo_screenwidth()
height = screen.winfo_screenheight()
screen.geometry("%dx%d" % (width, height))
screen.configure(bg="#e0bce5")

title = Label(screen, text="Memory Game", font=("David", 50, "underline", "bold"), bg="#e0bce5")
title.place(x=400, y=20)

images_list = [
    PhotoImage(file="images/aurora.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/belle.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/cinderella.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/jasmine.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/mulan.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/rapunzel.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/snow white.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/tiana.png")
]

buttons_list = []

num_list = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]


def replace_card(c, d):
    chosen_image = choice(images_list)
    check = num_list[images_list.index(chosen_image)]
    check += 1

    buttons_list[c][d].configure(image=chosen_image)

    if check > 2:
        num_list.remove(num_list[check])


card = PhotoImage(file="images/card.png")
x = 100
y = 250
for i in range(2):
    for j in range(8):
        a = Button(screen, image=card, command=replace_card(i, j))
        x += 100
        a.place(x=x, y=y)
        buttons_list.append([a])
    y += 100
    x = 100

screen.mainloop()

这是错误：

Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Meirom\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1892, in __call__
    return self.func(*args)
  File "C:\Users\Meirom\PycharmProjects\memorygame\main.py", line 46, in <lambda>
    a = Button(screen, image=card, command=lambda: replace_card(i, j))
  File "C:\Users\Meirom\PycharmProjects\memorygame\main.py", line 35, in replace_card
    buttons_list[c][d].configure(image=chosen_image)
IndexError: list index out of range

我期望的输出需要在点击卡片时显示卡片的按钮上显示生成的图像

非常感谢 Shoaib Ahmed 和其他所有人的帮助！ 这是完成的程序（我需要添加更多功能，所以它没有完全完成，但原来的错误已经解决）：

from tkinter import *
from random import choice

screen = Tk()
screen.title("Disney Princesses Memory Game")
width = screen.winfo_screenwidth()
height = screen.winfo_screenheight()
screen.geometry("%dx%d" % (width, height))
screen.configure(bg="#e0bce5")

title = Label(screen, text="Memory Game", font=("David", 50, "underline", "bold"), bg="#e0bce5")
title.place(x=400, y=20)

images_list = [
    PhotoImage(file="images/aurora.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/belle.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/cinderella.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/jasmine.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/mulan.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/rapunzel.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/snow white.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/tiana.png")
]

buttons_list = []

chosen_images = []

flipped = []

num_list = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

card = PhotoImage(file="images/card.png")


def choose_images():
    count = 0
    for num in range(16):
        chosen_image = choice(images_list)
        count += 1

        if count > 2:
            count = 0
            reset()
        else:
            chosen_images.append(chosen_image)


def replace_card(c, d):
    global flipped
    buttons_list[c][d].configure(image=chosen_images[d])
    flipped.append(buttons_list[c][d])


def reset():
    global card
    for element in flipped:
        element.configure(image=card)


choose_images()
x = 100
y = 250
for i in range(2):
    buttons_list.append([])
    for j in range(8):
        a = Button(screen, image=card, command=lambda i=i, j=j: replace_card(i, j))
        x += 100
        a.place(x=x, y=y)
        buttons_list[i].append(a)
    y += 100
    x = 100

screen.mainloop()

Answer 1

我没有图片来尝试代码，但这应该可以。您需要一个 Lambda 函数来将参数传递给您的 replace_card 函数

来源：https://www.pythontutorial.net/tkinter/tkinter-command/

from tkinter import *
from random import choice

screen = Tk()
screen.title("Disney Princesses Memory Game")
width = screen.winfo_screenwidth()
height = screen.winfo_screenheight()
screen.geometry("%dx%d" % (width, height))
screen.configure(bg="#e0bce5")

title = Label(screen, text="Memory Game", font=("David", 50, "underline", "bold"), bg="#e0bce5")
title.place(x=400, y=20)

images_list = [
    PhotoImage(file="images/aurora.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/belle.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/cinderella.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/jasmine.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/mulan.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/rapunzel.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/snow white.png"),
    PhotoImage(file="images/tiana.png")
]

buttons_list = []

num_list = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]


def replace_card(c, d):
    chosen_image = choice(images_list)
    check = num_list[images_list.index(chosen_image)]
    check += 1

    buttons_list[c][d].configure(image=chosen_image)

    if check > 2:
        num_list.remove(num_list[check])


card = PhotoImage(file="images/card.png")
x = 100
y = 250
for i in range(2):
    buttons_list.append([])
    for j in range(8):
        a = Button(screen, image=card, command=lambda i=i, j=j: replace_card(i, j))
        x += 100
        a.place(x=x, y=y)
        buttons_list[i].append(a)
    y += 100
    x = 100

screen.mainloop()