没有 cd 命令的手册页

Question

Ubuntu Linux 15.10 - 我刚刚注意到cd 没有手册页

这似乎有点奇怪。

我试过了：

man cd

在 cmd 行，我回来了

No manual entry for cd

我试图在

上查找文档

cd -

这对于在最后一个目录和当前目录之间翻转非常方便

和cd --

这似乎是一个别名

cd ~

我在这里遗漏了一些非常明显的东西，还是应该提供手册页？

Answer 1

cd 不是命令，它内置在你的 shell 中。这是必要的，因为您当前的工作目录由以pwd 或“打印工作目录”命令命名的PWD 环境变量控制。

父进程的环境变量不能被子进程更改。因此，如果您的 shell 运行 /bin/cd 更改了 PWD 它只会影响 /bin/cd 以及它运行的任何内容。它不会改变 shell 的PWD。

某些系统，如 OS X 和 CentOS，将 cd 手册页映射到 builtin，其中列出了所有 shell 内置项，并让您知道应该查看 shell 的手册页。

你可以用echo $SHELL查看你的shell，可能是bash。

Answer 2

cd 是一个内置的 shell 命令。

$ type cd
cd is a shell builtin

您可以在 Bash 上打开 cd 的帮助页面

$ help cd

目前显示的内容（Ubuntu 16.04）：

$ help cd
cd: cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]
    Change the shell working directory.

    Change the current directory to DIR.  The default DIR is the value of the
    HOME shell variable.

    The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing
    DIR.  Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).
    A null directory name is the same as the current directory.  If DIR begins
    with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.

    If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,
    the word is assumed to be  a variable name.  If that variable has a value,
    its value is used for DIR.

    Options:
        -L  force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic links in
        DIR after processing instances of `..'
        -P  use the physical directory structure without following symbolic
        links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before processing instances
        of `..'
        -e  if the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory
        cannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status
        -@  on systems that support it, present a file with extended attributes
            as a directory containing the file attributes

    The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.
    `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
    back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.

    Exit Status:
    Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when
    -P is used; non-zero otherwise.

很遗憾，它没有回答您的问题。然而，有文档可以做到。

你可以通过

$ man builtins

它会打开很多页帮助less，我的默认查看器。我可以通过按/ 键找到cd 的帮助，然后输入cd，然后输入Enter，然后按两次n 将我带到子字符串的第三个实例和帮助，内容如下：

   cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]
          Change  the  current  directory to dir.  if dir is not supplied,
          the value of the HOME shell variable is the default.  Any  addi‐
          tional arguments following dir are ignored.  The variable CDPATH
          defines the search path for the directory containing  dir:  each
          directory  name  in  CDPATH  is  searched  for dir.  Alternative
          directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).  A  null
          directory  name  in CDPATH is the same as the current directory,
          i.e., ``.''.  If dir begins with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not
          used.  The  -P  option  causes  cd to use the physical directory
          structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing  dir  and
          before processing instances of .. in dir (see also the -P option
          to the set builtin command); the -L option forces symbolic links
          to  be followed by resolving the link after processing instances
          of .. in dir.  If .. appears in dir, it is processed by removing
          the  immediately previous pathname component from dir, back to a
          slash or the beginning of dir.  If the  -e  option  is  supplied
          with  -P,  and  the current working directory cannot be success‐
          fully determined after a successful directory  change,  cd  will
          return  an unsuccessful status.  On systems that support it, the
          -@ option presents the extended  attributes  associated  with  a
          file  as  a directory.  An argument of - is converted to $OLDPWD
          before the directory change is attempted.  If a non-empty direc‐
          tory  name  from  CDPATH is used, or if - is the first argument,
          and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of
          the  new  working  directory  is written to the standard output.
          The return value is  true  if  the  directory  was  successfully
          changed; false otherwise.

查找关于倒数第七行的- 参数：

在尝试更改目录之前，- 的参数被转换为 $OLDPWD。

请注意，没有 -- 参数 - 这似乎意味着它实际上忽略了它。

Answer 3

来自 bash 手册页的相关摘录，涵盖了 cd - 的用法

       cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]
              Change the current directory to dir. 
              ...

              An argument of  -
              is  converted to $OLDPWD before the directory change is attempted.  If a non-
              empty directory name from CDPATH is used, or if - is the first argument,  and
              the  directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the new working
              directory is written to the standard output.  The return value is true if the
              directory was successfully changed; false otherwise.