【发布时间】：2018-07-24 08:55:48
【问题描述】：
我在 python 中创建了一个模拟程序，运行它时运行良好。在 Anaconda 的虚拟环境中运行使用 pyinstaller 创建的该程序的编译可执行文件时会出现问题。 （我必须使用这个虚拟环境，因为我想通过不使用 mkl 包来减小可执行文件的大小）。我得到了错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "Main.py", line 2, in <module>
File "c:\anaconda3\envs\testing08\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "Simulationskern_einstufig_gen_2.py", line 1, in <module>
File "c:\anaconda3\envs\testing08\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\scipy\integrate\__init__.py", line 89, in <module>
File "c:\anaconda3\envs\testing08\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\scipy\integrate\quadrature.py", line 10, in <module>
File "c:\anaconda3\envs\testing08\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\scipy\special\__init__.py", line 640, in <module>
File "c:\anaconda3\envs\testing08\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 714, in load_module
module = loader.load_module(fullname)
ImportError: DLL load failed: Das angegebene Modul wurde nicht gefunden.
[11472] Failed to execute script Main
为了研究缺少的模块，我编辑了 [...]\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py 文件并添加了两个打印命令，它们为我提供了全名和文件名的当前状态变量。在全名变量为“scipy.special._ufuncs”且文件名变量为“[...]\AppData\Local\Temp_MEI64402\scipy.special._ufuncs.pyd”之后，可执行文件崩溃了。为了查明 scipy.special._ufuncs 文件是否丢失，我复制了“[...]\AppData\Local\Temp_MEI64402\”（它仅在可执行文件崩溃前几秒钟存在）。与我怀疑的不同，我在目录中找到了文件 scipy.special._ufuncs.pyd。为了测试它是否已损坏或其他原因，我在 conda 提示符中手动执行了 pyimod03_importers.py 脚本的行，一切正常，没有错误。我现在真的很困惑，不知道该怎么办。
我在 Main.spec 文件中尝试了几种隐藏导入的组合，但似乎都没有解决我的问题。在我正常的python环境中编译程序时，没有发生错误，但是可执行文件变大了（260Mb），所以这并不是解决问题的方法。使用 UPX 减小大小根本没有帮助（260Mb 到 180Mb），这仍然很大。
下面添加了创建可执行文件的代码和命令。一切都在 Windows 机器上运行。
脚本：Main.py
#%% Import
import Simulationskern_einstufig_gen_2
from os.path import isfile
from os.path import isdir
from datetime import date
from class_Error import KennfeldPfadError
from class_Error import SystemSetupPfadError
from class_Error import SpeicherPfadError
#%% Funktionen
def generate_filename(filenumber):
datestring = str(date.today())
if filenumber <= 9:
numberstring = "00" + str(filenumber)
elif (filenumber >= 10) & (filenumber <= 99):
numberstring = "0" + str(filenumber)
else:
numberstring = str(filenumber)
filestring = "result_" + datestring + "_" + numberstring
return filestring
def run_simulation(data_base):
if not isdir('D:\\'):
raise SpeicherPfadError('Kritischer Fehler','Der angegebene Speicherpfad wurde nicht gefunden!')
testmode = False
if testmode == False:
data_base, ierr = Simulationskern_einstufig_gen_2.simulation(data_base)
else:
print("ACHTUNG: Testmodus ist aktiviert. Es werden keine Ergebnisse geschrieben!!!")
#some testing routines
if testmode == False:
geschrieben = False
filenumber = 1
while geschrieben == False:
filepath = 'D:\\' + generate_filename(filenumber)
if not isfile(filepath + ".txt"):
try:
# Ergebnis File schreiben
f = open(filepath + ".txt", "w")
for i in range(len(data_base["Ergebnisse"]["time"])):
f.write("%12.11e %12.11e %12.11e %12.11e %12.11e\n" %\
(data_base["Ergebnisse"]["time"][i],\
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse1"][i],\
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["v_masse1"][i],\
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse2"][i],\
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse2"][i]))
f.close()
geschrieben = True
print("Ergebnis " + filepath + " geschrieben")
break
except FileNotFoundError:
raise SpeicherPfadError('Kritischer Fehler','Der angegebene Speicherpfad wurde nicht gefunden!')
else:
filenumber += 1
return data_base
#%% Daten einlesen
try:
from numpy import matrix
from numpy.linalg import inv
# Parameter
m1 = 1 #[kg]
m2 = 1 #[kg]
c = 10 #[N/m]
k = 1 #[Ns/m]
data_base = dict()
M = matrix(((m1,0),(0,m2)))
data_base["M_inv"] = inv(M);
data_base["C_sys"] = matrix(((c,-c),(-c,c)))
data_base["K_sys"] = matrix(((k,-k),(-k,k)))
data_base["F"] = matrix((1,0))
data_base["abtastrate"] = 48000.0
data_base["t_end"] = 100.0
#%% Rechnen
run_simulation(data_base)
except KennfeldPfadError as err:
print(err.expression + ": " + err.message)
input("Press Enter to Exit")
except SystemSetupPfadError as err:
print(err.expression + ": " + err.message)
input("Press Enter to Exit")
except SpeicherPfadError as err:
print(err.expression + ": " + err.message)
input("Press Enter to Exit")
脚本：Simulationskern_einstufig_gen_2.py
from scipy.integrate import ode
from numpy import zeros
from numpy import hstack
from numpy import asmatrix
from time import time
from c_module import Rechenkern
def simulation(data_base):
ierr = 0
#Indizierung
index_masse1 = 0
index_masse2 = 1
#Übergabewerte definieren
dim = len(data_base["M_inv"])
F_ex = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
x_ex = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
v_ex = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
multi_ex1 = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
multi_ex2 = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
multi_ex3 = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
add_ex1 = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
add_ex2 = asmatrix(zeros(dim)).transpose(1,0)
Kern = Rechenkern()
Kern.set_params(data_base["M_inv"], -1.0*data_base["K_sys"], -1.0*data_base["C_sys"], dim, F_ex, x_ex, v_ex, multi_ex1, multi_ex2, multi_ex3, add_ex1, add_ex2, index_masse1, index_masse2)
#Rechenfunktion für die Zustandswerte des nächsten Zeitschritts
def f(t, y, Kern):
v, a = Kern.calc_F(t, y)
a = a[0:dim,0]
v = v[0:dim,0]
result_vektor = hstack((v,a))
return result_vektor
#Startwerte und Zeit festlegen
y0 = asmatrix(zeros((1,dim*2))).transpose(1,0)
t0 = 0.0
t1 = data_base["t_end"]
dt = 1/data_base["abtastrate"]
#Solver Auswählen
r = ode(f).set_integrator('vode',method='adams', with_jacobian=True)
r.set_initial_value(y0, t0).set_f_params(Kern)
#Listen zum Speichern der Ergebnisse vorbereiten
counter = 0
data_counter = 0
data_base["Ergebnisse"] = dict()
ergebnislaenge = int(t1*data_base["abtastrate"])
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["time"] = zeros(ergebnislaenge)
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse1"] = zeros(ergebnislaenge)
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse2"] = zeros(ergebnislaenge)
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["v_masse1"] = zeros(ergebnislaenge)
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["v_masse2"] = zeros(ergebnislaenge)
#Rechnen
start_time = time()
counter_time_a = start_time
while r.successful() and r.t < t1:
r.integrate(r.t+dt)
if counter > 10000:
counter_time_b = time()
print("Zeit:",r.t, "Performance:", 10000.0/(counter_time_b-counter_time_a), "Hz")
counter_time_a = counter_time_b
counter = 0
else:
counter = counter+1
try:
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["time"][data_counter] = r.t
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse1"][data_counter] = r.y[index_masse1]
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["v_masse1"][data_counter] = r.y[index_masse1+dim]
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["x_masse2"][data_counter] = r.y[index_masse2]
data_base["Ergebnisse"]["v_masse2"][data_counter] = r.y[index_masse2+dim]
data_counter = data_counter + 1
except IndexError:
print("Wert zu viel!")
end_time = time()
print("Dauer der Berechnung: " + str(end_time-start_time) + " s")
return data_base, ierr
Skritp：c_module.pyx
from libc.math cimport sin, M_PI
cimport cython
cdef class Rechenkern():
cdef double[:,:] M_inv
cdef double[:,:] K_sys
cdef double[:,:] C_sys
cdef double[:,:] F_ex
cdef double[:,:] x
cdef double[:,:] v
cdef double[:,:] multi_ex1
cdef double[:,:] multi_ex2
cdef double[:,:] multi_ex3
cdef double[:,:] add_ex1
cdef double[:,:] add_ex2
cdef double[:,:] y_val_lb
cdef int dim
cdef int index_masse1
cdef int index_masse2
def set_params(self, double[:,:] M_inv, double[:,:] K_sys, double[:,:] C_sys, int dim, double[:,:] F_ex, double[:,:] x_ex, double[:,:] v_ex, double[:,:] multi_ex1, double[:,:] multi_ex2, double[:,:] multi_ex3, double[:,:] add_ex1, double[:,:] add_ex2, int index_masse1, int index_masse2):
self.M_inv = M_inv
self.K_sys = K_sys
self.C_sys = C_sys
self.F_ex = F_ex
self.x = x_ex
self.v = v_ex
self.multi_ex1 = multi_ex1
self.multi_ex2 = multi_ex2
self.multi_ex3 = multi_ex3
self.add_ex1 = add_ex1
self.add_ex2 = add_ex2
self.dim = dim
self.index_masse1 = index_masse1
self.index_masse2 = index_masse2
@cython.boundscheck(False)
@cython.cdivision(True)
@cython.initializedcheck(False)
def calc_F(self, double t, double[:] y):
cdef double[:,:] a, stiffness, damping, system, total
cdef int i
for i in range(self.dim):
self.x[i][0] = y[i]
self.v[i][0] = y[i+self.dim]
#Berechnen der äußeren Kräfte
self.F_ex[self.index_masse1,0] = 1.0*sin(2.0*M_PI*20.0*t)
#Bilden der Ableitungen
stiffness = multiply(self.C_sys, self.x, self.dim, self.multi_ex1) #C_sys schon negiert als Parameter übergeben
damping = multiply(self.K_sys, self.v, self.dim, self.multi_ex2) #K_sys schon negiert als Parameter übergeben
system = add(stiffness, damping, self.dim, self.add_ex1)
total = add(system, self.F_ex, self.dim, self.add_ex2)
a = multiply(self.M_inv, total, self.dim, self.multi_ex3)
return self.v, a
@cython.boundscheck(False)
@cython.cdivision(True)
cdef double[:,:] multiply(double[:,:] A, double[:,:] B, int dim, double[:,:] tmp_out):
cdef int i,j
cdef double s
cdef double[:,:] out = tmp_out
for i in range(dim): #Zeile
s = 0.0
for j in range(dim): #Spalte
s += A[i,j]*B[j,0]
out[i,0] = s
return out
@cython.boundscheck(False)
@cython.cdivision(True)
cdef double[:,:] add(double[:,:] A, double[:,:] B, int dim, double[:,:] add_ex):
cdef int i
for i in range(dim):
add_ex[i,0] = A[i,0] + B[i,0]
return add_ex
脚本：class_Error.py
class Error(Exception):
"""Base class for exceptions in this module."""
pass
class KennfeldPfadError(Error):
def __init__(self, expression, message):
self.expression = expression
self.message = message
class SystemSetupPfadError(Error):
def __init__(self, expression, message):
self.expression = expression
self.message = message
class SpeicherPfadError(Error):
def __init__(self, expression, message):
self.expression = expression
self.message = message
脚本：setup.py
import numpy
try:
from setuptools import setup
from setuptools import Extension
except ImportError:
from distutils.core import setup
from distutils.extension import Extension
from Cython.Build import cythonize
setup(
ext_modules = cythonize("c_module.pyx", annotate=True),include_dirs=[numpy.get_include()]
)
脚本：Main.spec
block_cipher = None
mkl_dlls = [('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\lib_arpack-.E27K2SF75AFV2JAJA2UCDNNFYUB5PRKN.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\lib_blas_su.SU77LBR3GCSGWOMPF2EOOUNRTVGOH5QW.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\lib_test_fo.JF5HTWMUPBXWGAYEBVEJU3OZAHTSVKCT.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libansari.R6EA3HQP5KZ6TAXU4Y4ZVTRPT7UVA53Z.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libbanded5x.GRJEXVLV2RZBSTTPFWQOQINCAR6VPZCI.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libbispeu.5N2XSD7URZS4WTOSLTOG4DDMA4HGB46U.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libblkdta00.G3LQYBY5GAOR5JJGRXYUWYKKDP4OKP2G.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libchkder.6HLXPVTQJEGRZGLI5DFRMNW3SS76BHP6.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libcobyla2.JEGTSUUFJ7DFXWZN5PAYZTTLBDATC4WD.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libd_odr.RVVJB6VEKU75HMLZ5VWMHFXDESN2K6A7.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdcosqb.K4J3XBR4PEETMRHZICUWW4LXG5UONZ34.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdcosqb.QRGA36MB6CFHWLQN6ETWARR4M4E6P3C2.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdcsrch.I2AOPDCXAPDRFNPWY55H5UE7XZSU5CVN.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdet.CF6EYFUDEYPH43I3Z6PMABQVSHN33WMB.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdfft_sub.L7RK2BXXS6VZ7XREQ326OSAIHHPLPCMK.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdfitpack.KTCF3EOE66VRDKN45KBQA4VBAIS552IF.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdgamln.HCGQFIEXCOZOROCO5Y4HSBVSKT76OCHM.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdop853.6TJTQZW3I3Q3QIDQHEOBEZKJ3NYRXI4B.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libdqag.XYDTZMPTRTODHGZ2AIXJLHZ6K7SZTGO7.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\liblbfgsb.OPNUZO4Z277J7J477DF55KBT2666RE7H.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libmvndst.FJYIV5KRHEB6IA4GIU6HFBYCEDXO3WN4.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libnnls.5LTQOLAJY5PFO6MOEXWNMRWVFRWHYHKT.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libopenblas.BNVRK7633HSX7YVO2TADGR4A5KEKXJAW.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libslsqp_op.NNY57ZXZ43A4RH3YWFA7BKHP5PC2K3I5.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libspecfun.PT6DS3HUOGYNSXUO4OUKK6ATA7B5KP2K.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libSTOPTEST.B2ZVH7DO5DVZYDS75ZSCHXD5G43HCYD4.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libvode.EZHESKPEGK6QRJZO64W6EHM63B4RVTTZ.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libwrap_dum.26QQ3L55FU6KXMGPYDA53KYMCT2TU35H.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\libwrap_dum.JPPGMGH3MZCSHXFMQQGFOSCGZ7ZEQKKE.gfortran-win_amd64.dll', '.'),
('C:\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\scipy\extra-dll\msvcp140.dll', '.')]
a = Analysis(['Main.py'],
binaries=mkl_dlls,
datas=[('C:\\Anaconda3\\Lib\\site-packages\\scipy\\special\\_ufuncs_cxx.cp36-win_amd64.pyd','.')],
#, 'tkinter', 'matplotlib', 'fixtk'
#datas=[('C:\\Anaconda3\\envs\\Testing08\\Lib\\site-packages\\scipy\\special\\_ufuncs_cxx.cp36-win_amd64.pyd','.'),('C:\\Anaconda3\\Lib\\site-packages\\scipy\\special\\_ufuncs.cp36-win_amd64.pyd','.'),],
hiddenimports=['scipy._lib.messagestream', 'numpy', 'scipy', 'scipy.signal', 'scipy.signal.bsplines', 'scipy.special', 'scipy.special._ufuncs_cxx','scipy.special._ufuncs',
'scipy.linalg.cython_blas',
'scipy.linalg.cython_lapack',
'scipy.integrate',
'scipy.integrate.quadrature',
'scipy.integrate.odepack',
'scipy.integrate._odepack',
'scipy.integrate.quadpack',
'scipy.integrate._quadpack',
'scipy.integrate._ode',
'scipy.integrate.vode',
'scipy.integrate._dop', 'scipy._lib', 'scipy._build_utils','scipy.__config__',
'scipy.integrate.lsoda', 'scipy.cluster', 'scipy.constants','scipy.fftpack','scipy.interpolate','scipy.io','scipy.linalg','scipy.misc','scipy.ndimage','scipy.odr','scipy.optimize','scipy.setup','scipy.sparse','scipy.spatial','scipy.special','scipy.stats','scipy.version'],
hookspath=[],
runtime_hooks=[],
excludes=[],
win_no_prefer_redirects=False,
win_private_assemblies=False,
cipher=block_cipher)
pyz = PYZ(a.pure, a.zipped_data,
cipher=block_cipher)
exe = EXE(pyz,
a.scripts,
a.binaries,
a.zipfiles,
a.datas,
name='Main',
debug=False,
strip=False,
upx=True,
runtime_tmpdir=None,
console=True )
coll = COLLECT(exe,
a.binaries,
a.zipfiles,
a.datas,
strip=False,
upx=True,
name='Main')
我使用以下命令构建可执行文件：
conda create --no-default-packages -n Tesing08 python=3.6.3
activate Tesing08
pip install numpy scipy pyinstaller cython
python setup.py build_ext --inplace
pyinstaller Main.spec --onefile
【问题讨论】：
标签： python python-3.x pyinstaller dllimport conda