ClickOnce 清单答案

【问题标题】：ClickOnce manifestClickOnce 清单
【发布时间】：2010-05-20 09:46:11
【问题描述】：

我们目前正在通过ClickOnce 部署 WPF 4 应用程序，并且存在安装失败的情况。

如果用户没有完全安装 .NET 4.0 并尝试安装我们的应用程序，框架安装正常，但应用程序安装失败。如果我们再次重新运行安装，应用程序安装正常。

这是日志的副本：

    PLATFORM VERSION INFO
    Windows             : 6.1.7600.0 (Win32NT)
    Common Language Runtime     : 2.0.50727.4927
    System.Deployment.dll         : 2.0.50727.4927 (NetFXspW7.050727-4900)
    mscorwks.dll             : 2.0.50727.4927 (NetFXspW7.050727-4900)
    dfdll.dll             : 2.0.50727.4927 (NetFXspW7.050727-4900)
    dfshim.dll             : 4.0.31106.0 (Main.031106-0000)

SOURCES
    Deployment url            : [URL REMOVED]
                        Server        : Apache/2.0.54
    Application url            : [URL REMOVED]
                        Server        : Apache/2.0.54

IDENTITIES
    Deployment Identity        : Graphicly.App.application, Version=0.3.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c982228345371fbc, processorArchitecture=msil
    Application Identity        : Graphicly.App.exe, Version=0.3.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c982228345371fbc, processorArchitecture=msil, type=win32

APPLICATION SUMMARY
    * Installable application.

ERROR SUMMARY
    Below is a summary of the errors, details of these errors are listed later in the log.
    * Dependency Graphicly.WCFClient.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.WCFClient.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency Microsoft.Surface.Presentation.Design.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Microsoft.Surface.Presentation.Design.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency GalaSoft.MvvmLight.WPF4.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file GalaSoft.MvvmLight.WPF4.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency Graphicly.Infrastructure.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.Infrastructure.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency Graphicly.AutoUpdater.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.AutoUpdater.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency System.Windows.Interactivity.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file System.Windows.Interactivity.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency Microsoft.Surface.Presentation.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Microsoft.Surface.Presentation.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency Graphicly.Fonts.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.Fonts.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency Graphicly.Reader.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.Reader.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency Microsoft.Surface.Presentation.Generic.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Microsoft.Surface.Presentation.Generic.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency Graphicly.Controls.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.Controls.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency Graphicly.SocialNetwork.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.SocialNetwork.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency Graphicly.Archive.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.Archive.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency Graphicly.App.exe cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.App.exe: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Dependency GalaSoft.MvvmLight.Extras.WPF4.dll cannot be processed for patching. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file GalaSoft.MvvmLight.Extras.WPF4.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
    * Activation of [URL REMOVED] resulted in exception. Following failure messages were detected:
        + Exception occurred loading manifest from file GalaSoft.MvvmLight.Extras.WPF4.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        + Cannot load internal manifest from component file.

COMPONENT STORE TRANSACTION FAILURE SUMMARY
    No transaction error was detected.

WARNINGS
    * The file named Microsoft.Windows.Design.Extensibility.dll does not have a hash specified in the manifest. Hash validation will be ignored.
    * The file named Ionic.Zip.Reduced.dll does not have a hash specified in the manifest. Hash validation will be ignored.
    * The file named Newtonsoft.Json.dll does not have a hash specified in the manifest. Hash validation will be ignored.
    * The file named Microsoft.WindowsAzure.StorageClient.dll does not have a hash specified in the manifest. Hash validation will be ignored.
    * The file named Dimebrain.TweetSharp.dll does not have a hash specified in the manifest. Hash validation will be ignored.
    * The file named Microsoft.Windows.Design.Interaction.dll does not have a hash specified in the manifest. Hash validation will be ignored.
    * The file named HtmlAgilityPack.dll does not have a hash specified in the manifest. Hash validation will be ignored.
    * The file named Facebook.dll does not have a hash specified in the manifest. Hash validation will be ignored.

OPERATION PROGRESS STATUS
    * [20/05/2010 09:17:33] : Activation of [URL REMOVED] has started.
    * [20/05/2010 09:17:38] : Processing of deployment manifest has successfully completed.
    * [20/05/2010 09:17:38] : Installation of the application has started.
    * [20/05/2010 09:17:39] : Processing of application manifest has successfully completed.
    * [20/05/2010 09:17:40] : Request of trust and detection of platform is complete.

ERROR DETAILS
    Following errors were detected during this operation.
    * [20/05/2010 09:17:40] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.WCFClient.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:40] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Microsoft.Surface.Presentation.Design.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:40] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file GalaSoft.MvvmLight.WPF4.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:40] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.Infrastructure.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:40] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.AutoUpdater.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:40] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file System.Windows.Interactivity.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:40] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Microsoft.Surface.Presentation.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:40] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.Fonts.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:40] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.Reader.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:40] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Microsoft.Surface.Presentation.Generic.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:41] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.Controls.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:41] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.SocialNetwork.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:41] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.Archive.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:41] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file Graphicly.App.exe: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:41] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file GalaSoft.MvvmLight.Extras.WPF4.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.AddFilesInHashtable(Hashtable hashtable, AssemblyManifest applicationManifest, String applicationFolder)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:

    * [20/05/2010 09:17:41] System.Deployment.Application.InvalidDeploymentException (ManifestLoad)
        - Exception occurred loading manifest from file GalaSoft.MvvmLight.Extras.WPF4.dll: the manifest may not be valid or the file could not be opened.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.ManifestLoadExceptionHelper(Exception exception, String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.Manifest.AssemblyManifest.LoadFromInternalManifestFile(String filePath)
            at System.Deployment.Application.DownloadManager.ProcessDownloadedFile(Object sender, DownloadEventArgs e)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.DownloadModifiedEventHandler.Invoke(Object sender, DownloadEventArgs e)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.PatchSingleFile(DownloadQueueItem item, Hashtable dependencyTable)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.PatchFiles(SubscriptionState subState)
            at System.Deployment.Application.FileDownloader.Download(SubscriptionState subState)
            at System.Deployment.Application.DownloadManager.DownloadDependencies(SubscriptionState subState, AssemblyManifest deployManifest, AssemblyManifest appManifest, Uri sourceUriBase, String targetDirectory, String group, IDownloadNotification notification, DownloadOptions options)
            at System.Deployment.Application.ApplicationActivator.DownloadApplication(SubscriptionState subState, ActivationDescription actDesc, Int64 transactionId, TempDirectory& downloadTemp)
            at System.Deployment.Application.ApplicationActivator.InstallApplication(SubscriptionState& subState, ActivationDescription actDesc)
            at System.Deployment.Application.ApplicationActivator.PerformDeploymentActivation(Uri activationUri, Boolean isShortcut, String textualSubId, String deploymentProviderUrlFromExtension, BrowserSettings browserSettings, String& errorPageUrl)
            at System.Deployment.Application.ApplicationActivator.ActivateDeploymentWorker(Object state)
        --- Inner Exception ---
        System.Deployment.Application.DeploymentException (InvalidManifest)
        - Cannot load internal manifest from component file.
        - Source:
        - Stack trace:


COMPONENT STORE TRANSACTION DETAILS
    No transaction information is available.

我很困惑。这可能是什么？

我注意到安装后立即运行的 dfsvc.exe 位于 .NET 2 文件夹中。当我重新运行安装程序时，dfsvc.exe 位于 .NET 4 文件夹中。

我一直在与 Microsoft 的支持人员交谈，我们发现由于安装和卸载了以前版本的 .NET 4（在我们的例子中为 beta），它留下了几个文件。执行 .NET 的安装程序时，需要重命名一些文件然后重新启动，但由于文件是以前版本留下的，安装程序认为重命名已经发生并且没有请求重新启动。

【问题讨论】：

标签： .net-4.0 clickonce

【解决方案1】：

您的解决方案中的所有项目都以 .NET 4.0 为目标吗？
是 .NET 4.0 客户端框架还是完整的 shebang？
您是否在先决条件中部署了正确版本的框架？

我要把这个发给 C/O 产品团队，看看他们有没有意见。

【讨论】：

我已经与 Microsoft 的 C/O 产品负责人进行了交谈。他想知道最终用户是否在安装 .NET 4.0 后重新启动了机器？ .NET 4.0 确实需要重新启动。
它是所有项目的完整框架，点击一次前置请求也针对它。机器没有重新启动，但没有选项/警告说它需要一个。
我想我的问题是：用户是否提示重启，而选择不重启？我安装了 .NET 4.0 的每台机器都要求重新启动。如果这台机器没有，则表明 .NET 4.0 的安装存在问题。机器运行的是什么操作系统？
机器没有提示。操作系统是 Win 7 32 + 64
好的，所以机器上安装了 .NET 3.5，C/O 安装了 .NET 4.0，但它不会提示重新启动。那是个问题。您想在connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio 中提交一个错误并将链接发回这里，我会与他们分享吗？对我来说听起来像是一个错误。如果您不想发布错误，只需回复评论，我会为您发布。（如果您发布它，他们会回复您并在修复时通知您。）

【解决方案2】：

Microsoft 现在声称这是一个 known issue，但他们没有时间在 Visual Studio 2010 中修复它，并且将“在未来的版本中考虑”。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

当应用程序自行更新或全新安装时，我们的一小部分客户会在日志中收到此消息，但这与是否已安装 .NET 4 无关。

原来是熊猫杀毒软件搞砸了。

通过暂时禁用它，ClickOnce 安装完成。这对我们有用。

【讨论】：