无法使用 Ansible 获取 .bashrc

Question

我可以通过 ssh 连接到远程主机并执行 source /home/username/.bashrc - 一切正常。 但是，如果我这样做：

- name: source bashrc
  sudo: no
  action: command source /home/username/.bashrc

我明白了：

failed: [hostname] => {"cmd": ["source", "/home/username/.bashrc"], "failed": true, "rc": 2}
msg: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

我不知道我做错了什么......

Answer 1

您有两个选项可以将源代码与 ansible 一起使用。一种是使用“shell:”命令和 /bin/sh（ansible 默认值）。 “源”称为“。”在 /bin/sh 中。所以你的命令是：

- name: source bashrc
  sudo: no   
  shell: . /home/username/.bashrc && [the actual command you want run]

请注意，您必须在采购 .bashrc b/c 之后运行命令，每个 ssh 会话都是不同的 - 每个 ansible 命令都在单独的 ssh 事务中运行。

您的第二个选项是强制 Ansible shell 使用 bash，然后您可以使用“source”命令：

- name: source bashrc
  sudo: no   
  shell: source /home/username/.bashrc && [the actual command you want run]
  args:
     executable: /bin/bash

最后，我要指出的是，如果您使用的是 Ubuntu 或类似系统，您可能希望实际获取“/etc/profile”，这更完全地模拟了本地登录。

Answer 2

所以command 只会运行可执行文件。 source 本身不是可执行文件。 （这是一个内置的 shell 命令）。 你有什么理由要source 一个完整的环境变量吗？

还有其他方法可以在 Ansible 中包含环境变量。例如，environment 指令：

- name: My Great Playbook
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: Run my command
      sudo: no
      action: command <your-command>
      environment:
          HOME: /home/myhome

另一种方法是使用shell Ansible 模块：

- name: source bashrc
  sudo: no
  action: shell source /home/username/.bashrc && <your-command>

或

- name: source bashrc
  sudo: no   
  shell: source /home/username/.bashrc && <your-command>

在这些情况下，一旦运行 Ansible 步骤，shell 实例/环境就会终止。

Answer 3

我知道这个答案来得太晚了，但我已经看到足够多的代码，你可以使用 sudo 选项-i 所以：

- name: source bashrc
  shell: sudo -iu {{ansible_user_id}} [the actual command you want run]

如文档中所述

The -i (simulate initial login) option runs the shell specified by the password database entry of the target user as a login shell.  This means that login-specific
               resource files such as .profile or .login will be read by the shell.  If a command is specified, it is passed to the shell for execution via the shell's -c option.
               If no command is specified, an interactive shell is executed.  sudo attempts to change to that user's home directory before running the shell.  It also initializes
               the environment to a minimal set of variables, similar to what is present when a user logs in.  The Command environment section below documents in detail how the -i
               option affects the environment in which a command is run.

Answer 4

我在尝试让 virtualenvwrapper 在 Ubuntu 服务器上工作时遇到了同样的问题。我是这样使用 Ansible 的：

- name: Make virtual environment
  shell: source /home/username/.bashrc && makevirtualenv virenvname
  args:
    executable: /bin/bash

但源命令不起作用。

最终我发现 .bashrc 文件在文件顶部有几行阻止源在被 Ansible 调用时工作：

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

我在 .bashrc 中注释掉了这些行，之后一切正常。

Answer 5

许多回复建议使用 ~/.bashrc，但主要问题是 ansible shell 不是交互式的，并且 ~/.bashrc 实现默认忽略非交互式 shell（检查它的开头）。

我发现在 ssh 交互式登录后以用户身份执行命令的最佳解决方案是：

- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: source user profile file
      #become: yes
      #become_user: my_user  # in case you want to become different user (make sure acl package is installed)
      shell: bash -ilc 'which python' # example command which prints
      register: which_python
    - debug:
      var: which_python

bash: '-i' 表示交互式 shell，所以 .bashrc 不会被忽略 '-l' 表示登录 shell，它获取完整的用户配置文件

Answer 6

好吧，我尝试了列出的答案，但在通过rbenv 安装 ruby​​ 时这些答案对我不起作用。我必须从/root/.bash_profile 获取以下行来源

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$HOME/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build/bin
export PATH
eval "$(rbenv init -)"

最后，我想出了这个

- shell: sudo su - root -c 'rbenv install -v {{ ruby_version }}'

任何命令都可以使用它。

- shell: sudo su - root -c 'your command'

Answer 7

我发现成为最佳解决方案：

- name: Source .bashrc
  shell: . .bashrc
  become: true

您可以通过添加更改用户（默认：root）：

- name: Source .bashrc
  shell: . .bashrc
  become: true
  become-user: {your_remote_user}

更多信息在这里：Ansible become

Answer 8

我已经用 ansible 2.4.1.0 尝试了上述所有选项，直到另外两个选项都没有工作，这里是重新生成案例的详细信息。

$ cat ~/.bash_aliases 
alias ta="echo 'this is test for ansible interactive shell'";

这就是 ansible 测试：

- name: Check the basic string operations
  hosts: 127.0.0.1 
  connection: local

  tasks:
  - name: Test Interactive Bash Failure
    shell: ta
    ignore_errors: True

  - name: Test Interactive Bash Using Source
    shell: source ~/.bash_aliases && ta
    args:
      executable: /bin/bash
    ignore_errors: yes

  - name: Test Interactive Bash Using .
    shell: . ~/.bash_aliases && ta
    ignore_errors: yes

  - name: Test Interactive Bash Using /bin/bash -ci
    shell: /bin/bash -ic 'ta'
    register: result
    ignore_errors: yes

  - debug: msg="{{ result }}"

  - name: Test Interactive Bash Using sudo -ui
    shell: sudo -ui hearen ta
    register: result
    ignore_errors: yes

  - name: Test Interactive Bash Using ssh -tt localhost /bin/bash -ci
    shell: ssh -tt localhost /bin/bash -ci 'ta'
    register: result
    ignore_errors: yes

结果如下：

$ ansible-playbook testInteractiveBash.yml 
 [WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: all

 [WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available


PLAY [Check the basic string operations] ************************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1]

TASK [Test Interactive Bash Failure] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************
fatal: [127.0.0.1]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": "ta", "delta": "0:00:00.001341", "end": "2018-10-31 10:11:39.485897", "failed": true, "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 127, "start": "2018-10-31 10:11:39.484556", "stderr": "/bin/sh: 1: ta: not found", "stderr_lines": ["/bin/sh: 1: ta: not found"], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}
...ignoring

TASK [Test Interactive Bash Using Source] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************
fatal: [127.0.0.1]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": "source ~/.bash_aliases && ta", "delta": "0:00:00.002769", "end": "2018-10-31 10:11:39.588352", "failed": true, "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 127, "start": "2018-10-31 10:11:39.585583", "stderr": "/bin/bash: ta: command not found", "stderr_lines": ["/bin/bash: ta: command not found"], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}
...ignoring

TASK [Test Interactive Bash Using .] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************
fatal: [127.0.0.1]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": ". ~/.bash_aliases && ta", "delta": "0:00:00.001425", "end": "2018-10-31 10:11:39.682609", "failed": true, "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 127, "start": "2018-10-31 10:11:39.681184", "stderr": "/bin/sh: 1: ta: not found", "stderr_lines": ["/bin/sh: 1: ta: not found"], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}
...ignoring

TASK [Test Interactive Bash Using /bin/bash -ci] ****************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [127.0.0.1]

TASK [debug] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1] => {
    "msg": {
        "changed": true, 
        "cmd": "/bin/bash -ic 'ta'", 
        "delta": "0:00:00.414534", 
        "end": "2018-10-31 10:11:40.189365", 
        "failed": false, 
        "rc": 0, 
        "start": "2018-10-31 10:11:39.774831", 
        "stderr": "", 
        "stderr_lines": [], 
        "stdout": "this is test for ansible interactive shell", 
        "stdout_lines": [
            "this is test for ansible interactive shell"
        ]
    }
}

TASK [Test Interactive Bash Using sudo -ui] *********************************************************************************************************************************************
 [WARNING]: Consider using 'become', 'become_method', and 'become_user' rather than running sudo

fatal: [127.0.0.1]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": "sudo -ui hearen ta", "delta": "0:00:00.007906", "end": "2018-10-31 10:11:40.306128", "failed": true, "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 1, "start": "2018-10-31 10:11:40.298222", "stderr": "sudo: unknown user: i\nsudo: unable to initialize policy plugin", "stderr_lines": ["sudo: unknown user: i", "sudo: unable to initialize policy plugin"], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}
...ignoring

TASK [Test Interactive Bash Using ssh -tt localhost /bin/bash -ci] **********************************************************************************************************************
hearen@localhost's password: 
changed: [127.0.0.1]

PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
127.0.0.1                  : ok=8    changed=6    unreachable=0    failed=0  

有两种选择：

• shell: /bin/bash -ic 'ta'
• shell: ssh -tt localhost /bin/bash -ci 'ta' 但是这个需要在本地输入密码。

Answer 9

我的 2 美分，我将问题源 ~/.nvm/nvm.sh 转为 ~/.profile，然后按照另一个答案中的建议使用 sudo -iu。

在 2018 年 1 月与 Ubuntu 16.04.5 对比

- name: Installing Nvm 
  shell: >
    curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.34.0/install.sh | bash
  args:
    creates: "/home/{{ ansible_user }}/.nvm/nvm.sh"
  tags:
    - nodejs    

- name: Source nvm in ~/.profile
  sudo: yes
  sudo_user: "{{ ansible_user }}"
  lineinfile: >
    dest=~/.profile
    line="source ~/.nvm/nvm.sh"
    create=yes
  tags: 
    - nodejs
  register: output    

- name: Installing node 
  command: sudo -iu {{ ansible_user }} nvm install --lts
  args:
     executable: /bin/bash
  tags:
    - nodejs    

Answer 10

正确的方法应该是：

- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: source bashrc file
      shell: "{{ item }}"
      with_items:
         - source ~/.bashrc
         - your other command

注意：在ansible 2.0.2版本中测试