如何将文件的每个部分写入单独的目录中？

Question

我有一个文件（名称：state2），其结构如下：

timestep
  0.0000000      0.0000000      0.0000000
  0.0000000      0.0000000      1.2176673
timestep
 -0.0151405     -0.0000000     -0.0874954
 -0.0347223      0.0000001      1.2559323
timestep
 -0.0492274      0.0000001     -0.1238961
 -0.0976473     -0.0000002      1.2335932
.... (24 timesteps)

我正在尝试将每个 timestep（仅数字）放在目录中的单独文件中。我编写了以下代码，但它只将第一个时间步长数据写入文件。如果我删除break，那么它会将整个原始文件再次写入单独的文件中。

import os

steps = []
BaseDir=os.getcwd()
data=os.path.join(BaseDir, 'state2')
f= open(data, 'r')
all_lines = f.readlines()
for k in range(24):
    path = os.path.join(BaseDir, 'steps_{0:01d}'.format(k))
    os.mkdir(path)
    dest = os.path.join(BaseDir,'steps_{0:01d}'.format(k), 'step{0:01d}'.format(k))
    fout = open(dest, 'w')
    for i in range(0, len(all_lines)):
        if 'timestep' in all_lines[i]:
           fout.write('{0}{1}}'.format(all_lines[i+1], all_lines[i+2]))
           break

Answer 1

您不需要嵌套的 for 与 if 和 break 恶作剧。您需要做的就是：

• 遍历原始文件中的行。
  1. 当您看到“timestep”时，打开一个要写入的新文件并移至下一行。
  2. 如果您没有看到“timestep”，请将该行写入当前文件并继续下一行。

fout = None
timestepnum = 0
for line in all_lines:
    if line == "timestep": # Or whatever condition you identify
        # this line says timestep, so we have now started looking at a new timestep (condition 1)
        if fout is not None:
           fout.close() # close the old timestep's file if it is already open
        
        timestepnum += 1

        # make the directory
        path = os.path.join(BaseDir, 'steps_{0:01d}'.format(timestepnum))
        os.mkdir(path)

        # open the file
        filename = os.path.join(BaseDir, f"steps_{timestepnum:01d}", f"step{timestepnum:01d}") # Code to specify file name
        fout = open(filename, 'w')

    elif fout is not None:
        # Condition 2 -- write this line as-is to the file.
        fout.write(line)