使用 API 将英国邮政编码转为人口普查数据

Question

使用国家统计局网站，我可以获得英国邮政编码的人口普查摘要。

https://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/

我希望我应该能够使用 API 做同样的事情。

https://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/HTMLDocs/downloads/QuickStart-Guide-V2.1.pdf

但我不清楚如何从邮政编码到附近（或国家统计局称之为下层超级输出区）。看来我需要像这样使用 Delivery 端点。

http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/NDE2/Deli/getChildAreaTables?ParentAreaId=276980&LevelTypeId=141&Datasets=67

但是我如何找出用于特定邮政编码的参数？

Answer 1

看起来需要三个调用才能获取数据集。

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ElementTree
import json
import requests
API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY"

def get_area_id(level_type, postcode):
    """ Get the area id for the pos

    :param level_type: The resolution you are interested in. 14 = ward level data.
    :param postcode: A UK postcode
    :return: string area identifier
    """
    base_url = "http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/NDE2/Disco/FindAreas"
    payload = {'HierarchyId': '27', 'Postcode': postcode}
    response = requests.get(base_url, params=payload)
    xml = ElementTree.fromstring(response.content)
    namespaces = {'ns1': 'http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/nde/v1-0/discoverystructs'}
    xpath_for_area = './/ns1:Area'
    areas = xml.findall(xpath_for_area, namespaces)
    ward_area_id = ''
    for area in areas:
        level_type_id = area.find('ns1:LevelTypeId', namespaces).text
        if level_type_id == str(level_type):  # find the Ward (=14)
            ward_area_id = area.find('ns1:AreaId', namespaces).text
    return ward_area_id

def get_ext_code(area_id):
    """ Get the ext code (whatever that is) from an area id

    :param area_id: the area id for a postcode
    :return: the ext code for an area (I think is the GSS code)
    """
    base_url = "http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/NDE2/Disco/GetAreaDetail"
    payload = {'AreaId': area_id}
    response = requests.get(base_url, params=payload)
    xml = ElementTree.fromstring(response.content)
    namespaces = {'ns1': 'http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/nde/v1-0/discoverystructs',
              'structure': 'http://www.SDMX.org/resources/SDMXML/schemas/v2_0/structure'}
    xpath_for_ext_code = './/ns1:ExtCode'
    ext_code = xml.find(xpath_for_ext_code, namespaces).text
    return ext_code

def get_data(data_set, geog_code):
    """ Get the data for a geographical code

    :param data_set: string identifier from http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011 /quick_statistics
    :param geog_code: the ext code for the geographical area
    :return: a json object with the data
    """
    base_url = "http://data.ons.gov.uk/ons/api/data/dataset/"
    payload = {'apikey': API_KEY, 'context': 'Census', 'geog': '2011WARDH', 'dm/2011WARDH': geog_code,
               'totals': 'false', 'jsontype': 'json-stat'}
    r = requests.get(base_url + "/" + data_set + ".json", params=payload)
    obj = json.loads(r.text)
    return obj

def process(json_object, data_set):
    data = {}
    values = json_object[data_set]['value']
    index = json_object[data_set]['dimension'][json_object[data_set]['dimension']['id'][1]]['category']['index']
    labels = json_object[data_set]['dimension'][json_object[data_set]['dimension']['id'][1]]['category']['label']
    for l in labels:
        num = index[l]
        count = values[str(num)]
        data[labels[l]] = count
    return data

area_id = get_area_id(14, "SW1A 0AA")
gss_code = get_ext_code(area_id)
data_returned = get_data("QS208EW", gss_code)  # QS208EW = religion

print(process(data_returned, "QS208EW"))

Answer 2

您是否尝试过查看VBA example 中的代码？

Function RunAreas()
    Dim txtResponse
    Dim postcode As String
    Dim extCode
    Set rootSheet = GetSheet("Query")
    Set areaSheet = GetSheet("Areas")
    endPoint = "http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/NDE2/Disco/FindAreas?HierarchyId=27&Postcode="
    postcode = rootSheet.Range("A2").Value
    Application.StatusBar = "Getting areas for " + postcode
    txtResponse = GetAreas(postcode)
    delim = "<delim>"
    data = GetElements(txtResponse, "Area")

    If UBound(data) < 0 Then
        Application.StatusBar = False
        MsgBox "Postcode " + postcode + " not found", vbExclamation
        Exit Function
    End If

    For i = 0 To UBound(data)
        curLevelType = GetValue(data(i), "LevelTypeId")
        curHierarchy = GetValue(data(i), "HierarchyId")
        curId = GetValue(data(i), "AreaId")
        curName = GetValue(data(i), "Name")

        Select Case curLevelType
        Case 15
            extCode = UpdateArea("Output Area", 2, curId, curName, curHierarchy)
        Case 14
            extCode = UpdateArea("Ward", 3, curId, curName, curHierarchy)
        Case 13
            extCode = UpdateArea("LA", 4, curId, curName, curHierarchy)
        Case 11
            extCode = UpdateArea("Region", 5, curId, curName, curHierarchy)
        Case 10
            extCode = UpdateArea("Country", 6, curId, curName, curHierarchy)
        End Select

    Next

    MsgBox ("Areas Found")
    Application.StatusBar = "Get Areas completed"

End Function