Python tkinter - 成功从顶层继承

Question

我正在尝试使用面向对象的方法来创建一个从 tkinter 的 Toplevel 继承的类，通过按下主窗口中的按钮来触发。

当前代码引发 AttributeError（'MakeWindow' 对象没有属性 'tk'）。谁能指出我正确的方向？

#! python3
import tkinter as tk


class Application:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.frame = tk.Frame(master)
        self.frame.pack()    
        self.okButton = tk.Button(self.frame, text="OK",
                                  command=self.window_maker).pack()
        self.quitButton = tk.Button(self.frame, text="Close",
                                    command=self.frame.quit).pack()
    def window_maker(self):
        MakeWindow("A message to Toplevel")


class MakeWindow(tk.Toplevel):
    def __init__(self, message):
        super().__init__(self)
        self.message = message
        self.display = tk.Label(self, text=message)
        self.display.pack()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tk.Tk()
    app = Application(root)
    root.mainloop()

完整的追溯：

Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\r\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1550, in __call__
    return self.func(*args)
  File "C:/Users/r/PycharmProjects/tkinter_gui/y.py", line 15, in window_maker
    MakeWindow("A message to Toplevel")
  File "C:/Users/r/PycharmProjects/tkinter_gui/y.py", line 20, in __init__
    super().__init__(self)
  File "C:\Users\r\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 2182, in __init__
    BaseWidget.__init__(self, master, 'toplevel', cnf, {}, extra)
  File "C:\Users\r\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 2132, in __init__
    BaseWidget._setup(self, master, cnf)
  File "C:\Users\r\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 2110, in _setup
    self.tk = master.tk
AttributeError: 'MakeWindow' object has no attribute 'tk'

Answer 1

问题是super().__init__(self) 它应该是super().__init__()。此外，在这种情况下不必使用super（参见What does 'super' do in Python?）。以下代码有效：

import tkinter as tk


class Application:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.frame = tk.Frame(master)
        self.frame.pack()    
        self.okButton = tk.Button(self.frame, text="OK",
                                  command=self.window_maker).pack()
        self.quitButton = tk.Button(self.frame, text="Close",
                                    command=self.frame.quit).pack()
    def window_maker(self):
        MakeWindow("A message to Toplevel")


class MakeWindow(tk.Toplevel):
    def __init__(self, message):
        tk.Toplevel.__init__(self) #instead of super
        self.message = message
        self.display = tk.Label(self, text=message)
        self.display.pack()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tk.Tk()
    app = Application(root)
    root.mainloop()