【问题标题】:How do I implement FromStr with a concrete lifetime?如何以具体的生命周期实现 FromStr?
【发布时间】:2015-03-08 20:28:13
【问题描述】:

我想为带有生命周期参数的结构实现FromStr

use std::str::FromStr;

struct Foo<'a> {
    bar: &'a str,
}

impl<'a> FromStr for Foo<'a> {
    type Err = ();
    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Foo<'a>, ()> {

        Ok(Foo { bar: s })
    }
}

pub fn main() {
    let foo: Foo = "foobar".parse().unwrap();
}

但是,编译器抱怨:

error[E0495]: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime due to conflicting requirements
  --> src/main.rs:11:12
   |
11 |         Ok(Foo { bar: s })
   |            ^^^
   |
help: consider using an explicit lifetime parameter as shown: fn from_str(s: &'a str) -> Result<Foo<'a>, ()>
  --> src/main.rs:9:5
   |
9  |     fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Foo<'a>, ()> {
   |     ^

将实现更改为

impl<'a> FromStr for Foo<'a> {
    type Err = ();
    fn from_str(s: &'a str) -> Result<Foo<'a>, ()> {
        Ok(Foo { bar: s })
    }
}

给出这个错误

error[E0308]: method not compatible with trait
  --> src/main.rs:9:5
   |
9  |     fn from_str(s: &'a str) -> Result<Foo<'a>, ()> {
   |     ^ lifetime mismatch
   |
   = note: expected type `fn(&str) -> std::result::Result<Foo<'a>, ()>`
   = note:    found type `fn(&'a str) -> std::result::Result<Foo<'a>, ()>`
note: the anonymous lifetime #1 defined on the block at 9:51...
  --> src/main.rs:9:52
   |
9  |     fn from_str(s: &'a str) -> Result<Foo<'a>, ()> {
   |                                                    ^
note: ...does not necessarily outlive the lifetime 'a as defined on the block at 9:51
  --> src/main.rs:9:52
   |
9  |     fn from_str(s: &'a str) -> Result<Foo<'a>, ()> {
   |                                                    ^
help: consider using an explicit lifetime parameter as shown: fn from_str(s: &'a str) -> Result<Foo<'a>, ()>
  --> src/main.rs:9:5
   |
9  |     fn from_str(s: &'a str) -> Result<Foo<'a>, ()> {
   |     ^

Playpen

【问题讨论】:

  • 有理由不把它变成一个构造函数吗?
  • 是的,我在解析器中使用它,我只保存引用而不做任何复制
  • 这与我在stackoverflow.com/a/24575591/497043 处理的问题相同;做你想做的事是不可能的。

标签: rust


【解决方案1】:

我不相信你可以在这种情况下实现FromStr

fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, <Self as FromStr>::Err>;

特征定义中没有任何内容将输入的生命周期与输出的生命周期联系起来。

不是直接答案,但我只是建议创建一个接受引用的构造函数:

struct Foo<'a> {
    bar: &'a str
}

impl<'a> Foo<'a> {
    fn new(s: &str) -> Foo {
        Foo { bar: s }
    }
}

pub fn main() {
    let foo = Foo::new("foobar"); 
}

这样做的好处是没有任何故障模式 - 无需unwrap

你也可以只实现From:

struct Foo<'a> {
    bar: &'a str,
}

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Foo<'a> {
    fn from(s: &'a str) -> Foo<'a> {
        Foo { bar: s }
    }
}

pub fn main() {
    let foo: Foo = "foobar".into();
}

【讨论】:

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