如何使用现代 C++ 在控制台中打印“对齐”文本

Question

如何格式化文本“对齐”，使其在给定宽度下左右对齐？

int main()
{
    printJustified("A long text with many words. "
        "A long text with many words. "
        "A long text with many words. "
        "A long text with many words. "
        "A long text with many words.");
}

预期输出：

A  long text with many words. A long text with
many  words.  A  long  text with many words. A
long text with many words.

Answer 1

如何解决这个问题的一个简单例子是这样的：

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <list>

const int pageWidth = 78;
typedef std::list<std::string> WordList;

WordList splitTextIntoWords( const std::string &text )
{
    WordList words;
    std::istringstream in(text);
    std::copy(std::istream_iterator<std::string>(in),
              std::istream_iterator<std::string>(),
              std::back_inserter(words));
    return words;
}

void justifyLine( std::string line )
{
    size_t pos = line.find_first_of(' ');
    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
        while (line.size() < pageWidth) {
            pos = line.find_first_not_of(' ', pos);
            line.insert(pos, " ");
            pos = line.find_first_of(' ', pos+1);
            if (pos == std::string::npos) {
                pos = line.find_first_of(' ');
            }
        }
    }
    std::cout << line << std::endl;
}

void justifyText( const std::string &text )
{
    WordList words = splitTextIntoWords(text);

    std::string line;
    for (const std::string& word : words) {
        if (line.size() + word.size() + 1 > pageWidth) { // next word doesn't fit into the line.
            justifyLine(line);
            line.clear();
            line = word;
        } else {
            if (!line.empty()) {
                line.append(" ");
            }
            line.append(word);
        }
    }
    std::cout << line << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
    justifyText("This small code sample will format a paragraph which "
        "is passed to the justify text function to fill the "
        "selected page with and insert breaks where necessary. "
        "It is working like the justify formatting in text "
        "processors.");
    return 0;
}

它是这样工作的：

• 首先将文本拆分为单词。
• 单词被添加到行中，直到该行不能容纳更多单词。
• 对于每一行，在单词之间添加空格，直到该行与请求的宽度匹配。