如何使 Java Swing 动画更流畅

【问题标题】：How can I make a Java Swing animation smoother如何使 Java Swing 动画更流畅
【发布时间】：2013-03-19 21:56:53
【问题描述】：

我正在用 Java 创建一个动画幻灯片过渡，但在我当前的型号 MacBook Pro 和我用了一年的 iMac 上，在 Java 6、7 和 8 上它是不稳定的。

如何使这个动画在 Mac OS X 上的用户看来更流畅？

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class ScratchSpace {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnimatedPanel panel = new AnimatedPanel();

        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setContentPane(panel);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);

        panel.animate();
    }


    public static class AnimatedPanel extends JPanel {

        private float progress = 0.0f; // a number between 0.0 and 1.0

        public AnimatedPanel() {
            setPreferredSize(new Dimension(800, 600));
            setOpaque(true);
        }

        public void animate() {
            final int animationTime = 1000;
            int framesPerSecond = 30;
            int delay = 1000 / framesPerSecond;
            final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            final Timer timer = new Timer(delay, null);
            timer.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    final long elapsed = now - start;
                    progress = (float) elapsed / animationTime;
                    repaint();
                    if (elapsed >= animationTime) {
                        timer.stop();
                    }
                }
            });
            timer.start();
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
            int width = getWidth();
            int progressWidth = (int) (width * progress);
            g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g2d.fillRect(0, 0, progressWidth, getHeight());
            g2d.setColor(Color.RED);
            g2d.fillRect(progressWidth, 0, width-progressWidth, getHeight());
        }
    }
}

【问题讨论】：

  • JPanel中isDoubleBuffered()的值为true
  • 1) 使用 BufferedImage 作为背景图像。 2) 通过使用仅重绘 GUI 的有限区域的repaint(...) 重绘来限制您将重绘的数量，这足以满足您的目的。 3）玩你的帧速率，看看什么效果最好。 4) 尝试非 Swing 动画/GUI 库，例如 Slick，它可能会更好地优化动画。
  • 缩小你正在绘画的区域的大小

标签： java swing animation


【解决方案1】：

很大程度上取决于您最终想要实现的目标。

请记住，动画是运动的幻觉......

我变了

  • framesPerSecond 到 60 似乎有所帮助。
  • 降低了可打印区域的整体高度
  • 计算变化区域并简单地称为repaint(Rectangle)，仅传递发生变化的区域。

另一个问题是您的动画需要在很短的时间内覆盖很大的区域。增加时间也会使其更平滑（或减少宽度和/或高度）

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class ScratchSpace {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                AnimatedPanel panel = new AnimatedPanel();

                JFrame frame = new JFrame();
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setContentPane(panel);
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);

                panel.animate();
            }
        });
    }

    public static class AnimatedPanel extends JPanel {

        private float progress = 0.0f; // a number between 0.0 and 1.0

        public AnimatedPanel() {
            setPreferredSize(new Dimension(800, 100));
        }

        public void animate() {
            final int animationTime = 1000;
            int framesPerSecond = 60;
            int delay = 1000 / framesPerSecond;
            final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            final Timer timer = new Timer(delay, null);
            timer.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    final long elapsed = now - start;

                    int width = getWidth();
                    int height = getHeight();
                    int oldWidth = (int) (width * progress);

                    progress = (float) elapsed / animationTime;
                    int newWidth = (int) (width * progress);

                    repaint(new Rectangle(oldWidth, 0, newWidth - oldWidth, height));
                    if (elapsed >= animationTime) {
                        timer.stop();
                    }
                }
            });
            timer.start();
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
            int width = getWidth();
            int progressWidth = (int) (width * progress);
            g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g2d.fillRect(0, 0, progressWidth, getHeight());
            g2d.setColor(Color.RED);
            g2d.fillRect(progressWidth, 0, width - progressWidth, getHeight());
        }
    }
}

或者，您可以生成自己的后备缓冲区并更新它...

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class ScratchSpace {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                AnimatedPanel panel = new AnimatedPanel();

                JFrame frame = new JFrame();
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setContentPane(panel);
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);

                panel.animate();
            }
        });
    }

    public static class AnimatedPanel extends JPanel {

        private float progress = 0.0f; // a number between 0.0 and 1.0
        private BufferedImage buffer;

        public AnimatedPanel() {
            setPreferredSize(new Dimension(800, 600));
//            setOpaque(true);
        }

        public void animate() {
            final int animationTime = 1000;
            int framesPerSecond = 60;
            int delay = 1000 / framesPerSecond;
            final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            final Timer timer = new Timer(delay, null);
            timer.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    final long elapsed = now - start;

                    int width = getWidth();

                    progress = (float) elapsed / animationTime;

                    updateBuffer();
                    repaint();

                    if (elapsed >= animationTime) {
                        timer.stop();
                    }

                }
            });
            timer.start();
        }

        @Override
        public void invalidate() {
            buffer = null;
            updateBuffer();
            super.invalidate();
        }

        protected void updateBuffer() {

            if (getWidth() > 0 && getHeight() > 0) {

                if (buffer == null) {

                    buffer = new BufferedImage(getWidth(), getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

                }

                Graphics2D g2d = buffer.createGraphics();
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION_QUALITY);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_COLOR_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_COLOR_RENDER_QUALITY);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_DITHERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_DITHER_ENABLE);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS, RenderingHints.VALUE_FRACTIONALMETRICS_ON);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
                g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_STROKE_CONTROL, RenderingHints.VALUE_STROKE_PURE);
                int width = getWidth();
                int height = getHeight();
                float progressWidth = width * progress;
                g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE);
                g2d.fill(new Rectangle2D.Float(0, 0, progressWidth, height));
                g2d.setColor(Color.RED);
                g2d.fill(new Rectangle2D.Float(progressWidth, 0, width - progressWidth, height));
                g2d.dispose();

            }

        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
            if (buffer != null) {
                g2d.drawImage(buffer, 0, 0, this);
            }
//            int width = getWidth();
//            int progressWidth = (int) (width * progress);
//            g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE);
//            g2d.fillRect(0, 0, progressWidth, getHeight());
//            g2d.setColor(Color.RED);
//            g2d.fillRect(progressWidth, 0, width - progressWidth, getHeight());
        }
    }
}

您遇到的主要问题基本上是您尝试绘制的区域对于您想要绘制的时间来说太大了。

另一种选择

您可以创建一个代表进度条的BufferedImage，并随着进度更新而移动。此更新创建了一个兼容的缓冲图像，这将使渲染器更快

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration;
import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.Transparency;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class ScratchSpace {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                AnimatedPanel panel = new AnimatedPanel();

                JFrame frame = new JFrame();
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setContentPane(panel);
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);

                panel.animate();
            }
        });
    }

    public static class AnimatedPanel extends JPanel {

        private float progress = 0.0f; // a number between 0.0 and 1.0
        private BufferedImage buffer;

        public AnimatedPanel() {
            setPreferredSize(new Dimension(800, 600));
//            setOpaque(true);
        }

        public void animate() {
            final int animationTime = 1000;
            int framesPerSecond = 60;
            int delay = 1000 / framesPerSecond;
            final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
            final Timer timer = new Timer(delay, null);
            timer.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    final long elapsed = now - start;

                    progress = (float) elapsed / animationTime;

                    repaint();

                    if (elapsed >= animationTime) {
                        timer.stop();
                    }

                }
            });
            timer.start();
        }

        @Override
        public void invalidate() {
            buffer = null;
            updateBuffer();
            super.invalidate();
        }

        protected void updateBuffer() {

            if (getWidth() > 0 && getHeight() > 0) {

                if (buffer == null) {

                    GraphicsConfiguration config = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getDefaultScreenDevice().getDefaultConfiguration();
                    buffer = config.createCompatibleImage(getWidth(), getHeight(), Transparency.TRANSLUCENT);
                    buffer.coerceData(true);

                    Graphics2D g2d = buffer.createGraphics();
                    g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION_QUALITY);
                    g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
                    g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_COLOR_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_COLOR_RENDER_QUALITY);
                    g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_DITHERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_DITHER_ENABLE);
                    g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_FRACTIONALMETRICS, RenderingHints.VALUE_FRACTIONALMETRICS_ON);
                    g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR);
                    g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
                    g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_STROKE_CONTROL, RenderingHints.VALUE_STROKE_PURE);
                    int width = getWidth();
                    int height = getHeight();
                    g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE);
                    g2d.fill(new Rectangle2D.Float(0, 0, width, height));
                    g2d.dispose();

                }

            }

        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
            int width = getWidth();
            int progressWidth = (int) (width * progress);
            int x = (progressWidth - width);
            System.out.println(progressWidth + "; " + x);
//            g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE);
//            g2d.fillRect(0, 0, progressWidth, getHeight());
            g2d.setColor(Color.RED);
            g2d.fillRect(progressWidth, 0, width - progressWidth, getHeight());
            g2d.drawImage(buffer, x, 0, this);
        }
    }
}

【讨论】：

  • 谢谢，这是一些有用的东西。我注意到当我在 Mac OS X 桌面之间切换时，滑动过渡更加平滑，我将其用作可能的基准。不幸的是，Mac 上的 Java 似乎无法访问计算机的低级功能。
  • Mac 上的低级加速功能并不多，这是 Adob​​e 对 Flash 的主要抱怨。
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