乔布斯真的在powershell后台工作吗？

Question

我正在尝试实现在用户单击按钮后启动的后台命令，到目前为止，我的 UI 总是在工作进行时锁定。我目前正在使用一些耗时的 for 循环来检查我的 UI 是否锁定。当 UI 被释放时，我该怎么做才能让工作在后台工作。我不确定我是否想通过添加运行空间来使代码复杂化。我做错了什么？

$inputXML = @"
<Window x:Class="WpfApplication2.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication2"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="Create User" Height="448.05" Width="656.017" ResizeMode="NoResize">
    <Grid Margin="0,0,-6.8,-0.8" Background="#FFD7D7D7">
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="403*"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="18*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition/>
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <Button x:Name="Create_User" Content="Create User" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="67,224,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="300" Height="26" RenderTransformOrigin="0.551,-0.671" IsEnabled="True">
            <Button.Background>
                <LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0,1" StartPoint="0,0">
                    <GradientStop Color="#FFF3F3F3" Offset="0"/>
                    <GradientStop Color="#FFEBEBEB" Offset="0.5"/>
                    <GradientStop Color="#FFDDDDDD" Offset="0.5"/>
                    <GradientStop Color="#FFCDCDCD" Offset="1"/>
                </LinearGradientBrush>
            </Button.Background>
        </Button>
        <Label x:Name="fname" Content="" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="43,11,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="26" Width="10"/>
        <Label x:Name="fname1" Content="First Name" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="88,54,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="72" RenderTransformOrigin="0.513,1.469" Height="26"/>
        <Label x:Name="lname" Content="Last Name" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="88,83,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" RenderTransformOrigin="-0.167,-0.458" Width="72" Height="25"/>
        <TextBox x:Name="fnametxt" Height="23" Margin="167,54,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top" RenderTransformOrigin="0.501,0.452" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="136"/>
        <Button x:Name="exitbtn" Content="Exit" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="135" Margin="447,365,0,0" Height="38" RenderTransformOrigin="0.489,0.462"/>
        <Label x:Name="label" Content="Password" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="92,113,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" RenderTransformOrigin="0.064,0.601" Height="26" Width="68"/>
        <PasswordBox x:Name="passwordBox" Margin="167,113,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="24" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="136"/>
        <TextBox x:Name="stsbox" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="62" Margin="67,267,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="300" Background="#FFDADADA" Foreground="Black" Opacity="0.45" SelectionBrush="#FF1D6EBF" RenderTransformOrigin="0.503,-0.59" IsReadOnly="True"/>
        <TextBox x:Name="lnametxt" Height="23" Margin="167,85,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="136"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>
"@ 

$inputXML = $inputXML -replace 'mc:Ignorable="d"','' -replace "x:N",'N'  -replace '^<Win.*', '<Window'
[void][System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('presentationframework')
[void][System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Windows.Forms")
[xml]$xaml = $inputXML

#Read XAML
$reader=(New-Object System.Xml.XmlNodeReader $xaml) 
try{$Form=[Windows.Markup.XamlReader]::Load( $reader )}
catch{Write-Host "Unable to load Windows.Markup.XamlReader. Double-check syntax and ensure .net is installed."}
$xaml.SelectNodes("//*[@Name]") | %{Set-Variable -Name "WPF$($_.Name)" -Value $Form.FindName($_.Name) -Scope Global}


Function global:Get-FormVariables{
if ($global:ReadmeDisplay -ne $true) {$global:ReadmeDisplay=$true}
#write-host "Found the following interactable elements from our form" -ForegroundColor Cyan
get-variable WPF*
} 


Get-FormVariables


 $WPFCreate_User.Add_Click({

$test = { for($i=1; $i -le 100000; $i++){
$z = $i + $z
$z
}}

$job = Start-Job $test 
Wait-Job $job

Receive-Job $job -OutVariable results
Remove-Job $job
$WPFstsbox.text = "$results`n"
                           }) 

 $WPFexitbtn.add_click({
 $form.Close() | out-null
 exit})

$form.ShowDialog() | Out-null

Answer 1

是的，PSJobs 是真正的“后台”工作。

当您调用Start-Job 时，将启动一个独立进程，执行您的作业/命令。

在您的脚本中，作业本身不会阻塞调用线程，但您的后续命令 (Wait-Job $job) 会阻塞。

---

如果您只是触发 Start-Job 并从 Click 处理程序返回，您的 UI 不会锁定：

$button.add_Click({
  $jobCode = { Start-Sleep -Seconds 10 }
  $job = Start-Job $jobCode
})

您会看到 UI 在不到 10 秒后再次响应。

问题是您无法再访问$job，也无法控制它何时显示。

为了弥补这一点，您需要后台线程或定时事件来定期为您检查作业并输出结果。

您可以为此使用 Timer 和 PowerShell 的内置事件基础架构：

# Create timer
$backgroundTimer = New-Object System.Timers.Timer
# Set interval (ms)
$backgroundTimer.Interval = 500
# Make sure timer stops raising events after each interval
$backgroundTimer.AutoReset = $false

# Have powershell "listen" for the event in the background
Register-ObjectEvent $backgroundTimer -EventName 'Elapsed' -SourceIdentifier 'timerElapsed' -Action {

  # Loop through any completed jobs with data to return, from "oldest" to "newest"
  while(($finishedJob = Get-Job |Where-Object {$_.State -eq 'Completed' -and $_.HasMoreData}|Select-Object -First 1))
  {
    # Update the text box on your WPF form with the results
    # NOTE: the event is executed in a separate scope, thus the "global:" scope prefix
    $global:WPFstsbox.Text = "$(Receive-Job $finishedJob)`n"

    # Clean up the job
    Remove-Job $finishedJob
  }

  # Restart timer
  $backgroundTimer.Start()
}

# Enable the timer
$backgroundTimer.Enabled = $true