【发布时间】:2022-01-05 01:29:50
【问题描述】:
这是配置 JPA 和使用 JTA 事务模式连接到数据库的简单指南。它还包括开发人员最常见的错误,您应该避免它们。 希望对您有所帮助。
【问题讨论】:
标签: jpa glassfish ejb jta payara
这是配置 JPA 和使用 JTA 事务模式连接到数据库的简单指南。它还包括开发人员最常见的错误,您应该避免它们。 希望对您有所帮助。
【问题讨论】:
标签: jpa glassfish ejb jta payara
1- 在您的应用服务器中设置数据源: 为了使用 JTA 模式在您的 WebApp 中配置 JPA,您首先需要设置一个 DataSource。您可以从应用程序服务器(Glassfish / Payara / ...)设置数据源。但建议通过您的 Web 应用程序设置数据源。按照以下步骤通过 Maven WebApp 为 Glassfish 或 Payara 设置数据源:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE resources PUBLIC "-//GlassFish.org//DTD GlassFish Application Server 3.1 Resource Definitions//EN" "http://glassfish.org/dtds/glassfish-resources_1_5.dtd">
<resources>
<jdbc-resource enabled="true" jndi-name="**jdbc/DBDev01**" object-type="user" pool-name="**jdbc/DBDev01-ConnectionPool**">
<description/>
</jdbc-resource>
<jdbc-connection-pool allow-non-component-callers="false"
associate-with-thread="false" connection-creation-retry-attempts="0"
connection-creation-retry-interval-in-seconds="10"
connection-leak-reclaim="false"
connection-leak-timeout-in-seconds="0"
connection-validation-method="auto-commit"
datasource-classname="**org.mariadb.jdbc.MariaDbDataSource**"
fail-all-connections="false"
idle-timeout-in-seconds="300"
is-connection-validation-required="false"
is-isolation-level-guaranteed="true"
lazy-connection-association="false"
lazy-connection-enlistment="false"
match-connections="false"
max-connection-usage-count="0"
max-pool-size="32"
max-wait-time-in-millis="60000"
name="**jdbc/DBDev01-ConnectionPool**"
non-transactional-connections="false"
pool-resize-quantity="2"
res-type="javax.sql.DataSource" statement-timeout-in-seconds="-1" steady-pool-size="8" validate-atmost-once-period-in-seconds="0" wrap-jdbc-objects="false">
<!-- for MariaDB users, it recomended to add ?useMysqlMetadata=true, this will make MariaDB pretending that it is a MySQL for tools or libraries that not support MariaDB -->
<property name="URL" value="**jdbc:mariadb://XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:XXXX/DB_NAME?useMysqlMetadata=true**"/>
<property name="User" value="**USERNAME**"/>
<property name="Password" value="**PASSWORD**"/>
</jdbc-connection-pool>
</resources>
注意: ** ** 之间的所有值都应根据您的设置进行修改。 在部署您的 webapp 后,该文件将由您的应用程序服务器 (Glassfish/Payara) 加载。对于 Payara 用户,您还可以将文件命名为“payara-resources.xml”,但只需稍作修改。参考:Payara Deployment Descriptors.
2- 为 WEB-INF/web.xml 中的数据源添加资源引用: 您需要通过在 WEB-INF/web.xml 文件中添加以下内容来为 Webapp 中的 DataSource 添加资源引用:
<web-app .....>
......
<resource-ref>
<description>**DBDev01**</description>
<res-ref-name>**jdbc/DBDev01**</res-ref-name>
<res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
<!-- <res-sharing-scope>Shareable</res-sharing-scope> -->
</resource-ref>
</web-app>
注意:res-ref-name 应该与您在 glassfish 资源文件中为数据源选择的名称完全匹配。
3- 配置 Persistence.xml 文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">
<persistence-unit name="**MyDB**" transaction-type="JTA">
<provider>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider</provider>
<!-- List all Entity classes -->
<class>**com.MyEntityClassName**</class>
<jta-data-source>**jdbc/DBDev01**</jta-data-source>
<!-- you can list all entity classes you need and set this value to true. or set this value to false to include other entity clases -->
<exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
<properties>
<!-- while eclipselink not support MariaDB , set this property to enforce eclipselink to work with it as MySQL -->
<property name="eclipselink.target-database" value="MySQL"/>
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
注意1:如果你想使用JTA作为交易类型,那么你必须定义jta-data-source。开发人员在未定义 JTA 数据源的情况下尝试连接数据库的属性中添加 DB URL、用户名和密码是一个常见错误。这将不起作用,并且会导致您的应用程序服务器使用已定义的默认数据源,该数据源通常是 H2 数据库。
注意 2: eclipselink(JPA 库)不支持 MariaDB。但是有一个解决方法。
解决方案 1::在您的连接 URL 上添加“?useMysqlMetadata=true”作为后缀,例如:<property name="URL" value="**jdbc:mariadb://XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:XXXX/DB_NAME?useMysqlMetadata=true"/> 这将使 MariaDB 假装它是 MySQL。
解决方案2: 强制eclipselink 将数据库作为MySQL 处理。这可以通过在 persistence.xml 中设置eclipselink.target-database 属性来完成,如下所示:
<properties>
<!-- while eclipselink not support MariaDB , set this property to enforce eclipselink to work with it as MySQL -->
<property name="eclipselink.target-database" value="MySQL"/>
</properties>
4- 在 POM.xml 中添加 JDBC 客户端作为依赖项:
<dependency>
<!-- This is for MariaDB. You should change it if you are using other kind of DB like MySQL or Oracle DB -->
<groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId>
<artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId>
<version>2.7.2</version>
</dependency>
5- 享受您的代码: 写一个 sessionBean:
@Stateless
public class StudentManager
{
/* Notes:
1.you should use the same name exactly that defined in Persistence.xml file.
2.You can not use @PersistenceUnit with JTA. only use @PersistenceContext with JTA.
*/
@PersistenceContext(unitName="MyDB")
private EntityManager em;
public StudentManager()
{
}
public void persist(Student student) {
em.persist(student);
}
}
编写TestController:
@Named
@SessionScoped
public class TestController
{
@Inject
private StudentManager studentManager;
private String message = "";
public void test()
{
Student student = new Student();
Student.setCode(11223344);
Student.setName("John");
studentManager.persist(Student);
/*Note:we used studentManager directly without constructing.
writing studentManager = new StudentManager() is a common mistake and will lead you to get a null EntityManager.*/
this.setMessage("A new Student already saved successful with Code:" + Student.getCode());
}
常见问题:应该使用@Inject 还是@EJB? here is the answer
一个简单的 JSF 测试页面:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:h="http://xmlns.jcp.org/jsf/html">
<h:head>
<title>Facelet Title</title>
</h:head>
<h:body>
<h:form>
<h:commandButton value="Test Save a Student over JTA" action="#{testController.test()}" />
<br />
<h:outputLabel for="message" value="#{test.message}" />
</h:form>
</h:body>
</html>
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