Netlogo-如何让乌龟按规格转动？答案

【问题标题】：Netlogo-how to make a turtle turn at a specification?Netlogo-如何让乌龟按规格转动？
【发布时间】：2015-08-11 17:07:59
【问题描述】：

请参阅下面的 Netlogo 文件。我希望海龟在来自“缓冲存储”的 WS3 处右转，而海龟在来自“QC 缓冲存储”的 WS5 处左转。但是，我收到一个错误。我在网上找到了附加代码，并没有100％理解它。有人可以帮帮我吗？

非常感谢，约翰

globals [ 
  IN-free-cabinet 
  IN-free-drum-a
  IN-free-drum-b
  new_directions
  distance-to-jump
  WM-output
  WM-output-bad
  drum-output
  wip
  mlt-aux
  avg-mlt
  ]

patches-own[
  directions
  velocity
  processing-time
  is-processing?
  malfunction
  output
  ID
  bifurcation
]

breed [ machine ]
breed [ drum ]

machine-own [
  birth-time
  death-time
  process-plan
  processing
  time-of-processing
  QC-check
  ]

drum-own [
  birth-time
  process-plan
  processing
  time-of-processing
  ]

to create-WM [ machine-type ]
;********** Create Cabinet **********
 set-default-shape machine "square"
 ask patch -12 0 [
   ifelse count machine-here = 0 [ set IN-free-cabinet TRUE ] [ set IN-free-cabinet FALSE ] 
 ]
 if IN-free-cabinet 
 [
   create-machine 1 [
    setxy -12 0
    set size 1   
    set heading 90
    set color Blue
    set birth-time ticks
    set process-plan ["WS1" "WS2" "WS3" "WS4" "WS5" "WS6" "OUT" ]
    set processing FALSE
    set QC-check "GOOD"
    ] 
 ]
;********** Create Cabinet **********
;********** Create Drums **********
 set-default-shape drum "drum"
 ask patch -7 -3 [
   ifelse count drum-here = 0 [ set IN-free-drum-a TRUE ] [ set IN-free-drum-a FALSE ] 
 ]
  ask patch -3 3 [
   ifelse count drum-here = 0 [ set IN-free-drum-b TRUE ] [ set IN-free-drum-b FALSE ] 
 ]
 if IN-free-drum-a
 [
   create-drum 1 [
    setxy -7 -3
    set size 1   
    set heading 0
    set color Pink
    set birth-time ticks
    set process-plan ["WS3"]
    set processing FALSE
   ]
 ]
  if IN-free-drum-b
 [
   create-drum 1 [
    setxy -3 3
    set size 1   
    set heading 180
    set color Pink
    set birth-time ticks
    set process-plan ["WS5"]
    set processing FALSE
   ]
 ]
;********** Create Drum **********
end

to setup
  ;; (for this model to work with NetLogo's new plotting features,
  ;; __clear-all-and-reset-ticks should be replaced with clear-all at
  ;; the beginning of your setup procedure and reset-ticks at the end
  ;; of the procedure.)
  __clear-all-and-reset-ticks
  set WM-output 0
  set drum-output 0
  set avg-mlt 0
  set mlt-aux 0
  set WM-output-bad 0
;********** Main line **********
  ask patch -11 0 [
    set pcolor White
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1] 
    set velocity 1
    set processing-time WS1-Processing-Time
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set ID "WS1"
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch -10 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch -9 0 [
    set pcolor White
    set directions [-1 90 180 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set processing-time WS2-Processing-Time
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE 
    set ID "WS2"  
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch -8 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch -7 0 [
    set pcolor White
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set processing-time WS3-Processing-Time
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set ID "WS3" 
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch -6 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch -5 0 [
    set pcolor White
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set processing-time WS4-Processing-Time
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set ID "WS4" 
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch -4 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch -3 0 [
    set pcolor White
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set processing-time WS5-Processing-Time
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set ID "WS5" 
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch -2 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch -1 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set processing-time 0
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set ID "WS6" 
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch 0 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 180 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation TRUE
  ]
  ask patch 1 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch 2 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set processing-time 0
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set ID "WS7" 
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch 3 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch 4 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]  
  ask patch 5 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set processing-time 0
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set ID "WS8" 
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch 6 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch 7 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set processing-time 0
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set ID "WS9" 
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch 8 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch 9 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set processing-time 0
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set ID "WS10" 
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]  
  ask patch 10 0 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]
  ask patch 11 0 [
    set pcolor Green
    set directions [-1 -1 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set output TRUE
    set ID "OUT"
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]  
 ;********** Main line **********
 ;********** Drum buffer **********
 ask patch -3 1 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [180 -1 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ] 
  ask patch -3 2 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [180 -1 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ] 
   ask patch -3 3 [
    set pcolor Green
    set directions [180 -1 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]  
  ask patch -7 -1 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [0 -1 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ] 
  ask patch -7 -2 [
    set pcolor Yellow
    set directions [0 -1 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ] 
  ask patch -7 -3 [
    set pcolor Green
    set directions [0 -1 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]  
 ;********** Drum buffer **********
 ;********** Alternative line **********
  ask patch 0 -1 [
    set pcolor Black
    set directions [-1 -1 180 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ] 
  ask patch 0 -2 [
    set pcolor Black
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 2
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]  
  ask patch 1 -2 [
    set pcolor Black
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ] 
  ask patch 2 -2 [
    set pcolor Black
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 2
    set processing-time 20
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set ID "WS11" 
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]   
  ask patch 3 -2 [
    set pcolor Black
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]   
  ask patch 4 -2 [
    set pcolor Black
    set directions [0 -1 -1 -1]
    set velocity 2
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]   
  ask patch 4 -1 [
    set pcolor Black
    set directions [0 -1 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ] 
 ;********** Alternative line **********
 ;********** Line labels **********  
 ask patch -11 1 [
    set plabel "WS1"
  ]
  ask patch -9 1 [
    set plabel "WS2"
  ]
  ask patch -7 1 [
    set plabel "WS3"
  ]
  ask patch -5 1 [
    set plabel "WS4"
  ]
  ask patch -3 1 [
    set plabel "WS5"
    set plabel-color 25
  ]
; ask patch -1 1 [
;    set plabel "WS6"
;  ]
;;  ask patch 2 1 [
;    set plabel "WS7"
;]
;  ask patch 5 1 [
;    set plabel "WS8"
;  ]
;  ask patch 7 1 [
;    set plabel "WS9"
;  ]
;  ask patch 9 1 [
;    set plabel "WS10"
;  ]  
;;  ask patch 2 -1 [
;;    set plabel "WS11"
;;  ]  
  ask patch 11 0 [
    set plabel "OUT"
  ]   
  ask patch -6 0 [
    set plabel "SCANNER"
    set plabel-color 25
  ]
 ;********** Line labels ***********  
 ;********** Input Buffer ***********  
  ask patch -12 0 [
    set pcolor Green
    set directions [-1 90 -1 -1]
    set velocity 1
    set is-processing? FALSE
    set malfunction FALSE
    set bifurcation FALSE
  ]

 ;********** Input Buffer *********** 
end

to execute-random 
;********** Machine movement *********** 
 ask machine [
    ask patch-here[
       set distance-to-jump velocity
       set new_directions remove -1 directions ]
    set heading first new_directions
    ifelse not bifurcation [    
    if not processing and first process-plan != "WS3"[
    if not any? machine-on patch-ahead distance-to-jump and not [malfunction] of patch-ahead distance-to-jump[ jump distance-to-jump ]
    if first process-plan = ID [ 
        set process-plan remove-item 0 process-plan
        set processing TRUE 
        set is-processing? TRUE
        set time-of-processing processing-time
      ]
    ]
      if not processing and first process-plan = "WS3" and [ID] of patch-ahead distance-to-jump = "WS3" and 
;      not [malfunction] of patch-ahead distance-to-jump and 
      not any? machine-on patch-ahead distance-to-jump[
        if any? drum-on patch-ahead distance-to-jump [
          jump distance-to-jump
          set process-plan remove-item 0 process-plan
          set processing TRUE 
          set is-processing? TRUE
          set time-of-processing processing-time
          set shape "WM"
        ]
      ]  
      if not processing and first process-plan = "WS3" and [ID] of patch-ahead distance-to-jump != "WS3" and 
;      not [malfunction] of patch-ahead distance-to-jump and 
      not any? machine-on patch-ahead distance-to-jump[  jump distance-to-jump ]  
 ][ ifelse not any? machine-on patch-ahead distance-to-jump and not [is-processing?] of patch-ahead 2 and not [malfunction] of patch-ahead distance-to-jump [ jump distance-to-jump 
   set process-plan remove-item 0 process-plan
   set process-plan fput "WS7" process-plan
   ][
 if not any? machine-on patch-right-and-ahead 90 2 and ([malfunction] of patch-ahead 2 or any? machine-on patch-ahead 2) [
;   if use-W11 [ 
     set heading 180
    jump 2 
   set process-plan remove-item 0 process-plan
   set process-plan fput "WS11" process-plan ] ] ]
 ]
; ]
;********** Machine movement ***********  
;********** Drum movement *********** 
 ask drum [
   if not processing and [ID] of patch-here != "WS3"[
     ask patch-here[
       set distance-to-jump velocity
       set new_directions remove -1 directions ]
     if not any? drum-on patch-ahead distance-to-jump and ID != "WS3" and not [is-processing?] of patch-ahead distance-to-jump [ jump distance-to-jump ]
     ]
   if  any? machine-on patch-here [ die ]
   ]
;********** Drum movement ***********  
end

to resource-processing
  ask patches [
    if ID = "WS7" [ set processing-time 0 ]
    if ID = "WS11" [ set processing-time 0 ]
    ]

  ask machine [
    if processing [
      set time-of-processing time-of-processing - 1
      ask patch-left-and-ahead 90 1 [ set plabel-color Green]
      ]
    ]
  ask machine [
    if processing [
      if time-of-processing <= 0 [
        ask patch-here [
          set is-processing? FALSE
          ]
        ask patch-left-and-ahead 90 1 [ set plabel-color White]
        set processing FALSE
        if  [ID] of patch-here = "WS5" [ ifelse random-float 1 < 0.1 [ set QC-check "BAD" ] [ set QC-check "GOOD" ] ]
        ]
      ]
    ] 
;   ifelse malfunction-WS7  [ ask patch 2 0 [ set malfunction TRUE ] ]
;   [ ask patch 2 0 [ set malfunction FALSE ] ]
end

to count-output 
  ask machine [
        if plabel = "OUT" [
         set death-time ticks
         ifelse QC-check = "GOOD" [ set WM-output  WM-output + 1 ] [ set WM-output-bad WM-output-bad + 1 ]
         set mlt-aux (mlt-aux + (death-time - birth-time))
         set avg-mlt (mlt-aux / (WM-output + WM-output-bad))
                    die ]
        ]
end

to count-drums
  ask machine [
    if plabel = "SCANNER"
    [set drum-output drum-output + 1]
  ]
  end 

to resource-ocupation
  ask patches [
    ifelse any? machine-here [ set is-processing? TRUE ] [ set is-processing? FALSE ]
    ]

end

to statistics
  set-current-plot-pen "WIP"
  set wip count machine-on patches + count drum-on patches 
  plot wip
  set-current-plot-pen "avg-mlt"
  plot avg-mlt / 10
end

to execute
  create-WM[]
  resource-ocupation
  resource-processing
  execute-random
  tick
  count-drums
  count-output
  statistics
end

这是我的错误信息：

REMOVE expected input to be a string or list but got the number 0 instead.
error while patch -3 -1 running REMOVE
  called by procedure EXECUTE-RANDOM
  called by procedure EXECUTE
  called by Button 'Run'

org.nlogo.nvm.ArgumentTypeException: REMOVE expected input to be a string or list but got the number 0 instead.
 at org.nlogo.prim.etc._remove.report(_remove.java:57)
 at org.nlogo.prim._asm_procedureexecuterandom_setobservervariable_61.perform()
 at org.nlogo.nvm.Context.runExclusive(Context.java:119)
 at org.nlogo.nvm.ExclusiveJob.run(ExclusiveJob.java:57)
 at org.nlogo.nvm.Context.runExclusiveJob(Context.java:162)
 at org.nlogo.prim._asm_procedureexecuterandom_ask_59.perform(:1)
 at org.nlogo.nvm.Context.runExclusive(Context.java:119)
 at org.nlogo.nvm.ExclusiveJob.run(ExclusiveJob.java:57)
 at org.nlogo.nvm.Context.runExclusiveJob(Context.java:162)
 at org.nlogo.prim._asm_procedureexecuterandom_ask_57.perform(:1)
 at org.nlogo.nvm.Context.stepConcurrent(Context.java:91)
 at org.nlogo.nvm.ConcurrentJob.step(ConcurrentJob.java:82)
 at org.nlogo.job.JobThread.org$nlogo$job$JobThread$$runPrimaryJobs(JobThread.scala:143)
 at org.nlogo.job.JobThread$$anonfun$run$1.apply$mcV$sp(JobThread.scala:78)
 at org.nlogo.job.JobThread$$anonfun$run$1.apply(JobThread.scala:76)
 at org.nlogo.job.JobThread$$anonfun$run$1.apply(JobThread.scala:76)
 at scala.util.control.Exception$Catch.apply(Exception.scala:88)
 at org.nlogo.util.Exceptions$.handling(Exceptions.scala:41)
 at org.nlogo.job.JobThread.run(JobThread.scala:75)

NetLogo 5.2.0
main: org.nlogo.app.AppFrame
thread: JobThread
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 1.8.0_51 (Oracle Corporation; 1.8.0_51-b16)
operating system: Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (amd64 processor)
Scala version 2.9.2
JOGL: (3D View not initialized)
OpenGL Graphics: (3D View not initialized)
model: headsline

06:45:24.666 SwitchedTabsEvent (org.nlogo.app.Tabs) AWT-EventQueue-0
06:45:24.661 RuntimeErrorEvent (org.nlogo.app.App$$anon$1 (org.nlogo.window.GUIWorkspace)) AWT-EventQueue-0
06:45:24.659 JobRemovedEvent (org.nlogo.app.App$$anon$1 (org.nlogo.window.GUIWorkspace)) JobThread
06:45:24.657 InterfaceGlobalEvent (org.nlogo.app.InterfacePanel$2 (org.nlogo.window.SliderWidget)) AWT-EventQueue-0
06:45:24.657 InterfaceGlobalEvent (org.nlogo.app.InterfacePanel$2 (org.nlogo.window.SliderWidget)) AWT-EventQueue-0
06:45:24.657 InterfaceGlobalEvent (org.nlogo.app.InterfacePanel$2 (org.nlogo.window.SliderWidget)) AWT-EventQueue-0
06:45:24.657 InterfaceGlobalEvent (org.nlogo.app.InterfacePanel$2 (org.nlogo.window.SliderWidget)) AWT-EventQueue-0
06:45:24.657 InterfaceGlobalEvent (org.nlogo.app.InterfacePanel$2 (org.nlogo.window.SliderWidget)) AWT-EventQueue-0
06:45:24.657 PeriodicUpdateEvent (org.nlogo.app.App$$anon$1 (org.nlogo.window.GUIWorkspace)) AWT-EventQueue-0
06:45:24.549 AddJobEvent (org.nlogo.window.ButtonWidget) AWT-EventQueue-0

【问题讨论】：

这段代码太广泛了，没有实际模式无法理解，也许你可以上传.nlogo文件并分享它，以便我们看看发生了什么。另外，描述一下 WS3 和 WS5 对你意味着什么，我个人不太明白你遇到的问题。

标签： netlogo

【解决方案1】：

J.Chen，我没有回答你提出的问题，但你真正需要的帮助是关于如何开始调试 NetLogo 程序。 David Merino 是对的，我们没有足够的信息来为您调试程序，但您应该先采取更多步骤。 StackOverflow 不是“调试我的程序”站点。在您尝试解决问题但找不到解决方案后，您可以在此网站上找到问题。届时，您可以发布更具体的问题。

以下是调试您正在试验的程序的一些技巧：

错误信息开始：

REMOVE expected input to be a string or list but got the number 0 instead.
error while patch -3 -1 running REMOVE
  called by procedure EXECUTE-RANDOM
  called by procedure EXECUTE
  called by Button 'Run'

这意味着错误是由remove 函数的实例引起的。在 NetLogo 中，您可以使用编辑菜单上的查找命令来搜索“删除”。更好的是，搜索“删除”，即后面有一个空格。程序中有两个remove 命令实例，因此您知道其中一个导致了问题。

接下来，错误消息告诉您remove 函数被过程execute-random 调用。这将是一个用户定义的过程。它的定义将以to execute-random 开头。事实证明，remove 的两个实例都在execute-random 过程中，因此您现在必须找出导致问题的原因。如果removes 之一在execute-random 中，而另一个不在，您可以暂时忽略另一个。

现在，错误消息显示“删除预期的输入是一个字符串或列表，但得到了数字 0。”如果您查看 NetLogo 字典中remove 的文档，您会发现它的第二个参数应该是一个列表或一个字符串。源代码中的remove 命令都试图从directions 中删除数字-1。由于 -1 不是字符串中的字符，directions 可能应该是一个列表。但是，错误消息告诉您有时，direction 包含数字 0 而不是列表。

此时我要做的可能是将print directions 语句插入源代码中包含remove 的行之前。添加print self 以打印出补丁也可能很有用。我不知道接下来要做什么，因为我不懂程序，而且没有 GUI 元素我无法运行它。

但是，这里有一个并不明显的提示：所有变量都从值 0 开始。directions 在源代码顶部附近被定义为patches-own 变量。我怀疑至少对于一个补丁，在执行remove 行之一之前，该变量没有被初始化为具有一个列表作为其值，这就是为什么directions 的值为0。

【讨论】：