如何在 tkinter 中正确获取 if 语句和变量的层

Question

我正在尝试将树莓派的一个小程序从硬按钮移植到 gui（这方面非常新），但我找不到一个易于理解的关于我的函数分层和变量如何工作的指南。看来我在非 gui 程序中工作的变量没有传播到程序的其余部分（如果这有意义的话。）。我的 if 语句似乎也停止了工作。我对解决这个问题的兴趣要小得多，更感兴趣的是是否有人可以指出一种可以理解的方法来正确地将其带入我的脑海。使用下面的代码，我希望 Countlabel 中的“计数”变量随着它的上升和下降而更新（这是问题 1）。我还希望张力和驱动功能中的 if 语句起作用，但我认为我将它们置于错误的级别（问题 2。）

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.font
from gpiozero import LED, Button

from signal import pause
import math
import busio
import board
import adafruit_mcp4725

i2c = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)

dac = adafruit_mcp4725.MCP4725(i2c, address = 0x63)

win=tk.Tk()
win.title("tkinter test")
myFont=tkinter.font.Font(family = 'Helvetica', size = 12, weight = 'bold')
 
hall=Button(21)
light1=LED(26) ##indicate you are in counting mode
light2=LED(13) ##indicate you are in tension mode
light3=LED(19)


counts = 0

def spins():
    global counts
    counts += 1
    print("out", counts)

def reels():
    global counts
    counts -= 1
    print("in", counts)
    
def home():
    hall.when_pressed = spins
    light1.on()
    light2.off()
    light3.off()
    dac.normalized_value = 0.0
    
def tension():
    hall.when_pressed = reels
    light1.off()
    light2.on()
    light3.off()
    if counts > 5:
        dac.normalized_value = 0.25
    else:
        dac.normalized_value = 0.0
    print("in", counts)

def drive():
    hall.when_pressed = reels
    light1.off()
    light2.off()
    light3.on()
    if counts > 5:
        dac.normalized_value = 1.0
    else:
        dac.normalized_value = 0.0
    print("in", counts)


def exitProgram():
    win.quit()


homeButton=tk.Button(win, text='Home', font=myFont, command=home, bg='cyan', height=1, width=24)
homeButton.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)

tensionButton=tk.Button(win, text='Tension', font=myFont, command=tension, bg='cyan', height=1, width=24)
tensionButton.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)

driveButton=tk.Button(win, text='Drive', font=myFont, command=drive, bg='cyan', height=1, width=24)
driveButton.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)

exitButton=tk.Button(win, text='Exit', font=myFont, command=exitProgram, bg='cyan', height=1, width=6)
exitButton.grid(row=4, sticky=tk.E)

Countlabel=tk.Label(win, text=counts)
Countlabel.grid(row=5, sticky=tk.NSEW)enter code here

Answer 1

我的 if 语句处于错误的级别。当我将它们移到进行计数的函数时，一切都奏效了。