【发布时间】:2020-02-24 17:37:14
【问题描述】:
我正在尝试使用 Matplotlib 设置 3D 绘图的纵横比。 按照这个问题的答案:Setting aspect ratio of 3D plot
我将解决方案应用为:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import proj3d
def get_proj(self):
"""
Create the projection matrix from the current viewing position.
elev stores the elevation angle in the z plane
azim stores the azimuth angle in the (x, y) plane
dist is the distance of the eye viewing point from the object point.
"""
# chosen for similarity with the initial view before gh-8896
relev, razim = np.pi * self.elev/180, np.pi * self.azim/180
#EDITED TO HAVE SCALED AXIS
xmin, xmax = np.divide(self.get_xlim3d(), self.pbaspect[0])
ymin, ymax = np.divide(self.get_ylim3d(), self.pbaspect[1])
zmin, zmax = np.divide(self.get_zlim3d(), self.pbaspect[2])
# transform to uniform world coordinates 0-1, 0-1, 0-1
worldM = proj3d.world_transformation(xmin, xmax,
ymin, ymax,
zmin, zmax)
# look into the middle of the new coordinates
R = self.pbaspect / 2
xp = R[0] + np.cos(razim) * np.cos(relev) * self.dist
yp = R[1] + np.sin(razim) * np.cos(relev) * self.dist
zp = R[2] + np.sin(relev) * self.dist
E = np.array((xp, yp, zp))
self.eye = E
self.vvec = R - E
self.vvec = self.vvec / np.linalg.norm(self.vvec)
if abs(relev) > np.pi/2:
# upside down
V = np.array((0, 0, -1))
else:
V = np.array((0, 0, 1))
zfront, zback = -self.dist, self.dist
viewM = proj3d.view_transformation(E, R, V)
projM = self._projection(zfront, zback)
M0 = np.dot(viewM, worldM)
M = np.dot(projM, M0)
return M
Axes3D.get_proj = get_proj
然后我创建一个示例数据并绘制为:
y,z,x = np.meshgrid(range(10),-np.arange(5)[::-1],range(20))
d = np.sin(x)+np.sin(y)+np.sin(z)
iy,ix = 0,-1
iz = -1
fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,5),subplot_kw={'projection':'3d'})
ax.pbaspect = np.array([1, 1, 1])#np.array([2.0, 1.0, 0.5])
ax.contourf(x[iz], y[iz], d[iz],zdir='z',offset=0)
ax.contourf(x[:,iy,:],d[:,iy,:],z[:,iy,:],zdir='y',offset=y.min())
ax.contourf(d[:,:,ix],y[:,:,ix],z[:,:,ix],zdir='x',offset=x.max())
color = '0.3'
ax.plot(x[0,iy,:],y[0,iy,:],y[0,iy,:]*0,color,linewidth=1,zorder=1e4)
ax.plot(x[:,iy,0]*0+x.max(),y[:,iy,0],z[:,iy,0],color,linewidth=1,zorder=1e4)
ax.plot(x[0,:,ix],y[0,:,ix],y[0,:,ix]*0,color,linewidth=1,zorder=1e4)
ax.plot(x[:,0,ix],y[:,0,ix]*0+y.min(),z[:,0,ix],color,linewidth=1,zorder=1e4)
ax.set(xlim=[x.min(),x.max()],ylim=[y.min(),y.max()],zlim=[z.min(),z.max()])
fig.tight_layout()
如果我将 pbaspect 参数设置为 (1,1,1) 我得到:
但如果我将其设置为 (2,1,0.5),轴似乎是正确的,但它会以某种方式裁剪数据:
即使我让 xlim、ylim 和 zlim 自动运行。这方面也有一些奇怪的地方。 有些东西告诉我轴不是正交的。
有人知道如何为此校正纵横比吗? 我也想知道如何避免轴被图形限制裁剪。
我在网上搜索了很长时间,但找不到更好的解决方案。
更新:
我尝试按照建议为 pbaspect 使用小于 1 的值,它变得更好,但仍然裁剪数据:
【问题讨论】:
-
使用小于或等于 1 的坐标,例如
ax.pbaspect = np.array([1.0, .5, 0.25]). -
它变得更好了,但它仍然会裁剪数据。查看编辑。
-
更改投影可能会奏效:
ax.set_proj_type('ortho')或ax.set_proj_type('persp')- matplotlib.org/matplotblog/posts/custom-3d-engine 对此进行了很好的讨论
标签: python matplotlib graphics data-analysis