【发布时间】：2011-05-30 16:41:14
【问题描述】：
我想在 R 中制作以下图表：
如何绘制那些水平大括号？
【问题讨论】：
-
看起来您尝试添加图像但失败了。
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您可能会查看yihui.name/en/2011/04/…（我不会将此作为答案发布，因为要使下括号正确间隔/与所示点对齐需要更多的麻烦... )
【发布时间】：2011-05-30 16:41:14
【问题描述】：
这样的事情怎么样？
plot(c(0,1), c(0,1))
text(x = 0.5, y = 0.5, '{', srt = 90, cex = 8, family = 'Helvetica Neue UltraLight')
根据您的目的调整它。您可能会发现较轻的字体或您更喜欢的形状。网上一搜就有细线字体。
【讨论】：
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有趣。不过，我无法使用
ggplot2正确打印。我使用了+ annotate("text", x = 0, y = 0, label = '{', angle = 90, size = 20, family = 'Helvetica Neue UltraLight')的变体。 PDF 输出中的大括号非常粗（在 RStudio 控制台中看起来还不错）。 -
@PatrickT 您可能需要下载细线字体。如您所见，即使在这里，支架也很厚。
在 R 帮助邮件列表 here 上的一个线程中搜索一些网格代码。至少它给了你一些可以使用的东西。这是该帖子的代码：
library(grid)
# function to draw curly braces in red
# x1...y2 are the ends of the brace
# for upside down braces, x1 > x2 and y1 > y2
Brack <- function(x1,y1,x2,y2,h)
{
x2 <- x2-x1; y2 <- y2-y1
v1 <- viewport(x=x1,y=y1,width=sqrt(x2^2+y2^2),
height=h,angle=180*atan2(y2,x2)/pi,
just=c("left","bottom"),gp=gpar(col="red"))
pushViewport(v1)
grid.curve(x2=0,y2=0,x1=.125,y1=.5,curvature=.5)
grid.move.to(.125,.5)
grid.line.to(.375,.5)
grid.curve(x1=.375,y1=.5,x2=.5,y2=1,curvature=.5)
grid.curve(x2=1,y2=0,x1=.875,y1=.5,curvature=-.5)
grid.move.to(.875,.5)
grid.line.to(.625,.5)
grid.curve(x2=.625,y2=.5,x1=.5,y1=1,curvature=.5)
popViewport()}
【讨论】：
-
这将是一个很好的解决方案，但根据 Grid 包文档，“网格图形和标准 R 图形不能混合！”这是非常不幸的。我使用了 John 的文本解决方案，但使用大括号时效果不佳。
或者这个：
# Function to create curly braces
# x, y position where to put the braces
# range is the widht
# position: 1 vertical, 2 horizontal
# direction: 1 left/down, 2 right/up
CurlyBraces <- function(x, y, range, pos = 1, direction = 1 ) {
a=c(1,2,3,48,50) # set flexion point for spline
b=c(0,.2,.28,.7,.8) # set depth for spline flexion point
curve = spline(a, b, n = 50, method = "natural")$y / 2
curve = c(curve,rev(curve))
a_sequence = rep(x,100)
b_sequence = seq(y-range/2,y+range/2,length=100)
# direction
if(direction==1)
a_sequence = a_sequence+curve
if(direction==2)
a_sequence = a_sequence-curve
# pos
if(pos==1)
lines(a_sequence,b_sequence) # vertical
if(pos==2)
lines(b_sequence,a_sequence) # horizontal
}
plot(0,0,ylim=c(-10,10),xlim=c(-10,10))
CurlyBraces(2, 0, 10, pos = 1, direction = 1 )
CurlyBraces(2, 0, 5, pos = 1, direction = 2 )
CurlyBraces(1, 0, 10, pos = 2, direction = 1 )
CurlyBraces(1, 0, 5, pos = 2, direction = 2 )
【讨论】：
我认为pBrackets 包是最优雅的解决方案。
要尝试使用默认绘图功能 plot，请查看包的小插图以获取示例。
他们没有显示带有ggplot2 的示例。您可以尝试我的代码 here at stackoverflow 将其与 ggplot2 图表一起使用。
最好， 潘基尔
【讨论】：
-
我遇到了类似的问题，这是迄今为止我遇到的最简单的方法。然而，封装的一个限制是支架的尺寸由 x 和 y 轴的尺寸设置。例如，如果你有一个 100 增量的 y 轴和 1 个增量的 x 轴，你的曲线看起来会有点扭曲。
带有旋转选项/以及你想要的每一行（）又名 par() 选项
我首先将 Sharons 的答案与另一个答案混为一谈，我发现了一个具有更多可能性的新功能。但后来我在游戏中添加了“形状”包，现在你可以在你想要的每个角度放置花括号。您不必使用该包，但如果您有 2 个点不在水平或垂直线上，那将非常难看，没有 shape==T。
CurlyBraces <- function(
# function to draw curly braces
x=NA, y=NA, # Option 1 (Midpoint) if you enter only x, y the position points the middle of the braces
x1=NA, y1=NA, # Option 2 (Point to Point) if you additionaly enter x1, y1 then x,y become one
# end of the brace and x1,y1 is the other end
range=NA, # (Option 1 only) range is the length of the brace
ang=0, # (Option 1 only, only with shape==T) ang will set the angle for rotation
depth = 1, # depth controls width of the shape
shape=T, # use of package "shape" necessary for angles other than 0 and 90
pos=1, # (only if shape==F) position: 1 vertical, 2 horizontal
direction=1, # (only if shape==F) direction: 1 left/down, 2 right/up
opt.lines="lty=1,lwd=2,col='red'") # All posible Options for lines from par (exept: xpd)
# enter as 1 character string or as character vector
{
if(shape==F){
# only x & y are given so range is for length
if(is.na(x1) | is.na(y1)){
a_sequence = rep(x,100)
b_sequence = seq(y-range/2,y+range/2,length=100)
if (pos == 2){
a_sequence = rep(y,100)
b_sequence = seq(x-range/2,x+range/2,length=100)
}
}
# 2 pairs of coordinates are given range is not needed
if(!is.na(x1) & !is.na(y1)){
if (pos == 1){
a_sequence = seq(x,x1,length=100)
b_sequence = seq(y,y1,length=100)
}
if (pos == 2){
b_sequence = seq(x,x1,length=100)
a_sequence = seq(y,y1,length=100)
}
}
# direction
if(direction==1)
a_sequence = a_sequence+curve
if(direction==2)
a_sequence = a_sequence-curve
# pos
if(pos==1)
lines(a_sequence,b_sequence, lwd=lwd, col=col, lty=lty, xpd=NA) # vertical
if(pos==2)
lines(b_sequence,a_sequence, lwd=lwd, col=col, lty=lty, xpd=NA) # horizontal
}
if(shape==T) {
# Enable input of variables of length 2 or 4
if(!("shape" %in% installed.packages())) install.packages("shape")
library("shape")
if(length(x)==2) {
helpx <- x
x<-helpx[1]
y<-helpx[2]}
if(length(x)==4) {
helpx <- x
x =helpx[1]
y =helpx[2]
x1=helpx[3]
y1=helpx[4]
}
# Check input
if((is.na(x) | is.na(y) )) stop("Set x & y")
if((!is.na(x1) & is.na(y1)) | ((is.na(x1) & !is.na(y1))))stop("Set x1 & y1")
if((is.na(x1) & is.na(y1)) & is.na(range)) stop("Set range > 0")
a=c(1,2,3,48,50) # set flexion point for spline
b=c(0,.2,.28,.7,.8) # set depth for spline flexion point
curve = spline(a, b, n = 50, method = "natural")$y * depth
curve = c(curve,rev(curve))
if(!is.na(x1) & !is.na(y1)){
ang=atan2(y1-y,x1-x)*180/pi-90
range = sqrt(sum((c(x,y) - c(x1,y1)) ^ 2))
x = (x + x1)/2
y = (y + y1)/2
}
a_sequence = rep(x,100)+curve
b_sequence = seq(y-range/2,y+range/2,length=100)
eval(parse(text=paste("lines(rotatexy(cbind(a_sequence,b_sequence),mid=c(x,y), angle =ang ),",
paste(opt.lines, collapse = ", ")
,", xpd=NA)")))
}
}
# # Some Examples with shape==T
# plot(c(),c(),ylim=c(-10,10),xlim=c(-10,10))
# grid()
#
# CurlyBraces(4,-2,4,2, opt.lines = "lty=1,col='blue' ,lwd=2")
# CurlyBraces(4,2,2,4, opt.lines = "col=2, lty=1 ,lwd=0.5")
# points(3,3)
# segments(4,2,2,4,lty = 2)
# segments(3,3,4,4,lty = 2)
# segments(4,2,5,3,lty = 2)
# segments(2,4,3,5,lty = 2)
# CurlyBraces(2,4,4,2, opt.lines = "col=2, lty=2 ,lwd=0.5") # Reverse entry of datapoints changes direction of brace
#
# CurlyBraces(2,4,-2,4, opt.lines = "col=3 , lty=1 ,lwd=0.5")
# CurlyBraces(-2,4,-4,2, opt.lines = "col=4 , lty=1 ,lwd=0.5")
# CurlyBraces(-4,2,-4,-2, opt.lines = "col=5 , lty=1 ,lwd=0.5")
# CurlyBraces(-4,-2,-2,-4, opt.lines = "col=6 , lty=1 ,lwd=0.5")
# CurlyBraces(-2,-4,2,-4, opt.lines = "col=7 , lty=1 ,lwd=0.5")
# CurlyBraces(2,-4,4,-2, opt.lines = "col=8 , lty=1 ,lwd=0.5")
#
# CurlyBraces( 7.5, 0, ang= 0 , range=5, opt.lines = "col=1 , lty=1 ,lwd=2 " )
# CurlyBraces( 5, 5, ang= 45 , range=5, opt.lines = "col=2 , lty=1 ,lwd=2 " )
# CurlyBraces( 0, 7.5, ang= 90 , range=5, opt.lines = "col=3, lty=1 ,lwd=2" )
# CurlyBraces( -5, 5, ang= 135 , range=5, opt.lines = "col='blue' , lty=1 ,lwd=2 " )
# CurlyBraces( -7.5, 0, ang= 180 , range=5, opt.lines = "col=5 , lty=1 ,lwd=2 " )
# CurlyBraces( -5, -5, ang= 225 , range=5, opt.lines = "col=6 , lty=1 ,lwd=2" )
# CurlyBraces( 0, -7.5, ang= 270 , range=5, opt.lines = "col=7, lty=1 ,lwd=2" )
# CurlyBraces( 5, -5, ang= 315 , range=5, opt.lines = "col=8 , lty=1 ,lwd=2" )
# points(5,5)
# segments(5,5,6,6,lty = 2)
# segments(7,3,3,7,lty = 2)
#
# # Or anywhere you klick
# locator(1) -> where # klick 1 positions in the plot with your Mouse
# CurlyBraces( where$x[1], where$y[1], range=3, ang=45 , opt.lines = "col='blue' , depth=1, lty=1 ,lwd=2" )
# locator(2) -> where # klick 2 positions in the plot with your Mouse
# CurlyBraces( where$x[1], where$y[1], where$x[2], where$y[2], opt.lines = "col='blue' , depth=2, lty=1 ,lwd=2" )
#
# # Some Examples with shape == F
# plot(c(),c(),ylim=c(-10,10),xlim=c(-10,10))
# grid()
#
# CurlyBraces( 5, 0, shape=F, range= 10, pos = 1, direction = 1 , depth=5 ,opt.lines = " col='red' , lty=1 ,lwd=2" )
# CurlyBraces(-5, 0, shape=F, range= 5, pos = 1, direction = 2 , opt.lines = "col='red' , lty=2 ,lwd=0.5")
# CurlyBraces( 1, 4, shape=F, range= 6, pos = 2, direction = 1 , opt.lines = "col='red' , lty=3 ,lwd=1.5")
# CurlyBraces(-1,-3, shape=F, range= 5, pos = 2, direction = 2 , opt.lines = "col='red' , lty=4 ,lwd=2" )
#
#
# CurlyBraces( 4, 4, 4,-4, shape=F, pos=1, direction = 1 , opt.lines = "col='blue' , lty=1 ,lwd=2" )
# CurlyBraces(-4, 4,-4,-4, shape=F, pos=1, direction = 2 , opt.lines = "col='blue' , lty=2 ,lwd=0.5")
# CurlyBraces(-2, 5, 2, 5, shape=F, pos=2, direction = 1 , opt.lines = "col='blue' , lty=3 ,lwd=1.5")
# CurlyBraces(-2,-1, 4,-1, shape=F, pos=2, direction = 2 , opt.lines = "col='blue' , lty=4 ,lwd=2" )
#
# # Or anywhere you klick
# locator(1) -> where # klick 1 positions in the plot with your Mouse
# CurlyBraces( where$x[1], where$y[1], range=3, shape=F, pos=2, direction = 2 , opt.lines = "col='blue' , depth=1, lty=1 ,lwd=2" )
# locator(2) -> where # klick 2 positions in the plot with your Mouse
# CurlyBraces( where$x[1], where$y[1], where$x[2], where$y[2], shape=F, pos=2, direction = 2 , opt.lines = "col='blue' , depth=0.2, lty=1 ,lwd=2" )
#
# # Some Examples with shape==T
# plot(c(),c(),ylim=c(-100,100),xlim=c(-1,1))
# grid()
#
# CurlyBraces(.4,-20,.4,20, depth=.1, opt.lines = "col=1 , lty=1 ,lwd=0.5")
# CurlyBraces(.4,20,.2,40, depth=.1, opt.lines = "col=2, lty=1 ,lwd=0.5")
【讨论】：
答案很晚，但是对于那些感兴趣的人，您可以使用 ggbrace 包在 ggplot2 中添加大括号。要安装和使用它，请检查下面的代码。您可以根据需要自定义括号，请参阅ggbracegithub page。
devtools::install_github("NicolasH2/ggbrace")
library(ggbrace)
library(ggplot2)
ggplot() + geom_brace(aes(x=c(0,1), y=c(0,1)))
【讨论】：