【发布时间】:2019-04-01 12:12:37
【问题描述】:
当我实际上必须.Include() 相关实体而我不需要时,这对我来说似乎是任意的。在某些情况下,EF 会在没有它的情况下为我提供相关实体的信息,而在其他情况下,它无法对相关实体执行任何操作,因为我没有包含它们:
无需 .Include() 即可工作;
这是一个我在没有 .Include(); 的情况下加载数据的示例
public class InvoiceService
{
private ApplicationDbContext db { get; set; }
public InvoiceService(ApplicationDbContext context)
{
db = context;
}
public Invoice Get(int id)
{
return db.Invoices.SingleOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
}
}
public partial class ShowInvoice : System.Web.UI.Page
{
private InvoiceService invoiceService;
private readonly ApplicationDbContext context = new ApplicationDbContext();
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
invoiceService = new InvoiceService(context);
if (!IsPostBack)
{
int.TryParse(Request.QueryString["invoiceId"].ToString(), out int invoiceId);
LoadInvoice(invoiceId);
}
}
private void LoadInvoice(int invoiceId)
{
var invoice = invoiceService.Get(invoiceId);
// Other code irrelevant to the question goes here.
}
}
如您所见,该公司的信息肯定是通过的,但并未明确包含在内。
没有 .Include() 就无法工作;
相反,我在同一个项目中对发票进行了一些映射,并且在获取相关实体属性值时出现 NullReferenceExceptions,因为我没有.Include()。
此方法获取指定公司的所有已批准时间表条目。此视图模型专门用于为发票处理时间表条目的关联(因此您将根据所选的时间表条目开具发票)。
public List<InvoiceTimesheetViewModel> GetInvoiceTimesheetsByCompanyId(int companyId)
{
var factory = new TimesheetViewModelsFactory();
var timesheets = db.Timesheets.Where(x => x.Approved && x.Company.Id == companyId && !x.Deleted).ToList();
return factory.GetInvoiceTimesheetsViewModel(timesheets);
}
NullReferenceExceptions 发生在将时间表实体映射到视图模型的工厂中:
public List<InvoiceTimesheetViewModel> GetInvoiceTimesheetsViewModel(List<Timesheet> timesheets)
{
var model = new List<InvoiceTimesheetViewModel>();
foreach (var timesheet in timesheets)
{
var start = DateTime.Parse((timesheet.DateAdded + timesheet.StartTime).ToString());
var finished = DateTime.Parse((timesheet.DateCompleted + timesheet.EndTime).ToString());
DateTime.TryParse(timesheet.RelevantDate.ToString(), out DateTime relevant);
model.Add(new InvoiceTimesheetViewModel
{
RelevantDate = relevant,
BillableHours = timesheet.BillableHours,
Finished = finished,
Id = timesheet.Id,
StaffMember = timesheet.StaffMember.UserName, // NRE here.
Start = start,
Task = timesheet.Task.Name // NRE here.
});
}
return model;
}
要解决这些问题,我必须将获取数据的查询更改为以下内容:
var timesheets = db.Timesheets.Include(i => i.StaffMember).Include(i => i.Task)
.Where(x => x.Approved && x.Company.Id == companyId && !x.Deleted).ToList();
为什么 Entity Framework 有时很乐意在没有我明确请求数据的情况下给我数据,有时它需要我明确请求数据,否则会引发错误?
我如何知道何时需要明确包含我正在查找的数据以及何时不需要?
【问题讨论】:
标签: c# entity-framework