在 .NET 中解析 URI

Question

短版

.NET 中有可以解析 Uri 的类吗？

背景

Windows 搜索服务通过使用 URI 注册内容以进行爬网。使用 ISearchCrawlScopeManager 您可以枚举各种根 uri：

• csc://{S-1-5-21-397955417-62688126-188441444-1010}/
• defaultroot://{S-1-5-21-397955417-62688126-188441444-1010}/
• file:///C:\
• file:///D:\
• iehistory://{S-1-5-21-397955417-62688126-188441444-1010}/
• mapi://{S-1-5-21-397955417-62688126-188441444-1010}/Outlook2003/Inbox/
• winrt://{S-1-5-21-397955417-62688126-188441444-1010}/

不幸的是 .NET Uri class 无法解析这些 Uri (dotNetFiddle)：

Run-time exception (line 8): Invalid URI: The hostname could not be parsed.

Stack Trace:

[System.UriFormatException: Invalid URI: The hostname could not be parsed.]
   at System.Uri.CreateThis(String uri, Boolean dontEscape, UriKind uriKind)

.NET 中有可以解析 Uri 的类吗？

本机 Win32 函数 InternetCrackUrl 能够正确处理 Uri：

URL_COMPONENTS components;
components.dwStructSize      = sizeof(URL_COMPONENTS );
components.dwSchemeLength    = DWORD(-1);
components.dwHostNameLength  = DWORD(-1);
components.dwUserNameLength  = DWORD(-1);
components.dwPasswordLength  = DWORD(-1);
components.dwUrlPathLength   = DWORD(-1);
components.dwExtraInfoLength = DWORD(-1);

InternetCrackUrl(url, Length(url), 0, ref components);

mapi://{S-1-5-21-397955417-62688126-188441444-1010}/Outlook2003/Inbox/
\__/   \__________________________________________/\_________________/
 |                           |                              _
Scheme                    HostName                       UrlPath

Scheme:   "mapi"
HostName: "{S-1-5-21-397955417-62688126-188441444-1010}"
UrlPath:  "/Outlook2003/Inbox/"

奖金聊天

将 Uri 转义应用于 uri：

• 之前：mapi://{S-1-5-21-397955417-62688126-188441444-1010}/Outlook2003/Inbox/
• 之后：mapi://%7BS-1-5-21-397955417-62688126-188441444-1010%7D/Outlook2003/Inbox/

没有帮助 (dotNetFiddle)。

Uri 和 Url 的区别？

Urls 是 Uris 的子集

• Uri 告诉你一件事
• 网址告诉您在哪里可以买到东西

例如：

• URI：isbn:1631971727（标识事物）
  • 网址：isbn://amazon.com/1631971727 （从哪里得到东西）

网址

URL 的细分是：

  foo://iboyd:Trubador@example.com:8042/look/over/there?name=ferret#nose
  \_/   \___/ \______/ \_________/ \__/\______________/\__________/ \__/
   |      |      |         |        |         |            |         |
scheme username password  host     port     path         query    fragment

• 方案：foo
• 用户名：iboyd
• 密码：Trubador
• 主持人：example.com
• 端口：8042
• 路径：/look/over/there
• 查询：?name=ferret
• 片段：nose

Answer 1

如您在堆栈跟踪中看到的，CreateThis() 调用的方法 ResolveHelper() 将其识别为绝对 uri，因此它会引发异常。

更改您的 uri：

mapi://{S-1-5-21-397955417-62688126-188441444-1010}/Outlook2003/Inbox/

到：

mapi:////{S-1-5-21-397955417-62688126-188441444-1010}/Outlook2003/Inbox/

.Net source code - ResolveHelper() method

**

来自参考源 .NET Framework 4.7.2：

**

internal static Uri ResolveHelper(Uri baseUri, Uri relativeUri, ref string newUriString, ref bool userEscaped, 
            out UriFormatException e)
        {
            Debug.Assert(!baseUri.IsNotAbsoluteUri && !baseUri.UserDrivenParsing, "Uri::ResolveHelper()|baseUri is not Absolute or is controlled by User Parser.");

            e = null;
            string relativeStr = string.Empty;

            if ((object)relativeUri != null)
            {
                if (relativeUri.IsAbsoluteUri)
                    return relativeUri;

                relativeStr = relativeUri.OriginalString;
                userEscaped = relativeUri.UserEscaped;
            }
            else
                relativeStr = string.Empty;

            // Here we can assert that passed "relativeUri" is indeed a relative one

            if (relativeStr.Length > 0 && (IsLWS(relativeStr[0]) || IsLWS(relativeStr[relativeStr.Length - 1])))
                relativeStr = relativeStr.Trim(_WSchars);

            if (relativeStr.Length == 0)
            {
                newUriString = baseUri.GetParts(UriComponents.AbsoluteUri, 
                    baseUri.UserEscaped ? UriFormat.UriEscaped : UriFormat.SafeUnescaped);
                return null;
            }

            // Check for a simple fragment in relative part
            if (relativeStr[0] == '#' && !baseUri.IsImplicitFile && baseUri.Syntax.InFact(UriSyntaxFlags.MayHaveFragment))
            {
                newUriString = baseUri.GetParts(UriComponents.AbsoluteUri & ~UriComponents.Fragment, 
                    UriFormat.UriEscaped) + relativeStr;
                return null;
            }

            // Check for a simple query in relative part
            if (relativeStr[0] == '?' && !baseUri.IsImplicitFile && baseUri.Syntax.InFact(UriSyntaxFlags.MayHaveQuery))
            {
                newUriString = baseUri.GetParts(UriComponents.AbsoluteUri & ~UriComponents.Query & ~UriComponents.Fragment, 
                    UriFormat.UriEscaped) + relativeStr;
                return null;
            }

            // Check on the DOS path in the relative Uri (a special case)
            if (relativeStr.Length >= 3
                && (relativeStr[1] == ':' || relativeStr[1] == '|')
                && IsAsciiLetter(relativeStr[0])
                && (relativeStr[2] == '\\' || relativeStr[2] == '/'))
            {

                if (baseUri.IsImplicitFile)
                {
                    // It could have file:/// prepended to the result but we want to keep it as *Implicit* File Uri
                    newUriString = relativeStr;
                    return null;
                }
                else if (baseUri.Syntax.InFact(UriSyntaxFlags.AllowDOSPath))
                {
                    // The scheme is not changed just the path gets replaced
                    string prefix;
                    if (baseUri.InFact(Flags.AuthorityFound))
                        prefix = baseUri.Syntax.InFact(UriSyntaxFlags.PathIsRooted) ? ":///" : "://";
                    else
                        prefix = baseUri.Syntax.InFact(UriSyntaxFlags.PathIsRooted) ? ":/" : ":";

                    newUriString = baseUri.Scheme + prefix + relativeStr;
                    return null;
                }
                // If we are here then input like "http://host/path/" + "C:\x" will produce the result  http://host/path/c:/x
            }


            ParsingError err = GetCombinedString(baseUri, relativeStr, userEscaped, ref newUriString);

            if (err != ParsingError.None)
            {
                e = GetException(err);
                return null;
            }

            if ((object)newUriString == (object)baseUri.m_String)
                return baseUri;

            return null;
        }