根据@Joe,这似乎与Whats the difference between running a shell script as ./script.sh and sh script.sh 重复。
根据@Telemachus,Debian 及其衍生版本使用 dash 作为默认 shell。请参阅http://wiki.ubuntu.com/DashAsBinSh 了解更多信息。
这是我在 Ubuntu 系统上看到的:
$ ls -lF `which sh`
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Aug 15 2012 /bin/sh -> dash*
$ ls -lF `which bash`
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 959168 Mar 30 2013 /bin/bash*
这解释了为什么我无法在 Mac OS X 10.8.5 上重现该问题。我确实在 Ubuntu 上通过使用 sh 而不是 bash 调用脚本来重现它。
我将保留我的其余答案,因为它展示了您可能采取的一些步骤来解决问题。
你能检查一下你的 bash 版本吗?
$ bash --version
bash --version
GNU bash, version 3.2.48(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin12)
这还能用吗?
#!/bin/bash
n=1
printf -v fn "%05d" $n
echo $fn
检查名称printf的类型?
$ type printf
printf is a shell builtin
$ function printf { echo "giggle" ; }
giggle
$ type printf
printf is a function
printf ()
{
echo "giggle"
}
giggle
$
查看 printf 内置的内置帮助?
$ help printf
help printf
printf: printf [-v var] format [arguments]
printf formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT. FORMAT
is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain
characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character escape
sequences which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
argument. In addition to the standard printf(1) formats, %b means to
expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument, and %q
means to quote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input.
If the -v option is supplied, the output is placed into the value of the
shell variable VAR rather than being sent to the standard output.
内置的printf 是否被其他地方的定义替换了?这是我用来检查 shell 中名称定义的函数:
list ()
{
if [[ 0 == $# ]]; then
Log "";
Log "FUNCTIONS:";
Log "----------";
declare -F;
Log "";
Log "EXPORTS:";
Log "--------";
export -p;
Log "";
Log "PRINTENV:";
Log "--------";
printenv;
else
while [[ ! -z "$1" ]]; do
local name="$1";
shift;
if ! alias "${name}" 2> /dev/null; then
if ! declare -f "${name}"; then
if ! help "${name}" 2> /dev/null; then
if ! which "${name}"; then
Log "Not found: '${name}'";
fi;
fi;
fi;
fi;
done;
fi
}
这是我在新的 shell 中运行时的输出:
$ list printf
printf: printf [-v var] format [arguments]
printf formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT. FORMAT
[… snip …]
但如果我重新定义printf,它将显示定义:
$ function printf { echo "kibble" ; }
kibble
$ printf
kibble
kibble
$ list printf
printf ()
{
echo "kibble"
}
kibble
$
我很想知道这里到底发生了什么!!!
我喜欢其他答案的建议,即尝试使用 bash 显式调用脚本:
$ bash myscript.sh
这是我在 Ubuntu 服务器上看到的:
$ uname -a
Linux rack 3.11.0-17-generic #31-Ubuntu SMP Mon Feb 3 21:52:43 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ cat > dme.sh
#!/bin/bash
n=1
printf -v fn "%05d" $n
echo $fn
$ chmod +x ./dme.sh
$ ./dme.sh
00001
$ bash dme.sh
00001
$ sh dme.sh
dme.sh: 3: printf: Illegal option -v