使用python在xml中查找元素

Question

我试图在将其内容转换为列表然后转换为 CSV 之前解析 XML。不幸的是，我认为我查找初始元素的搜索词失败了，导致后续搜索在层次结构中进一步下降。我是 XML 新手，所以我尝试了命名空间字典的变体，包括命名空间引用......下面给出了简化的 XML：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<StationList xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
			xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
			xmlns:add="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/people/AddressAndPersonalDetails" 
			xmlns:com="http://nationalrail.co.uk/xml/common"            xsi:schemaLocation="http://internal.nationalrail.co.uk/xml/XsdSchemas/External/Version4.0/nre-station-v4-0.xsd" 
			xmlns="http://nationalrail.co.uk/xml/station">
  <Station xsi:schemaLocation="http://internal.nationalrail.co.uk/xml/XsdSchemas/External/Version4.0/nre-station-v4-0.xsd">
    <ChangeHistory>
      <com:ChangedBy>spascos</com:ChangedBy>
      <com:LastChangedDate>2018-11-07T00:00:00.000Z</com:LastChangedDate>
    </ChangeHistory>
    <Name>Aber</Name>
  </Station>​

我用来尝试提取 com/...xml/station / ChangedBy 元素的代码如下

tree = ET.parse(rootfilepath + "NRE_Station_Dataset_2019_raw.xml")
root = tree.getroot()

#get at the tags and their data
#for elem in tree.iter():
#    print(f"this the tag {elem.tag} and this is the data: {elem.text}")

#open file for writing
station_data = open(rootfilepath + 'station_data.csv','w')

csvwriter = csv.writer(station_data)

station_head = []

count = 0
#inspiration for this code: http://blog.appliedinformaticsinc.com/how-to-  parse-and-convert-xml-to-csv-using-python/
#this is where it goes wrong; some combination of the namespace and the tag can't find anything in line 27, 'StationList'
for member in root.findall('{http://nationalrail.co.uk/xml/station}Station'):
station = []
if count == 0:
changedby = member.find('{http://nationalrail.co.uk/xml/common}ChangedBy').tag
station_head.append(changedby)

    name = member.find('{http://nationalrail.co.uk/xml/station}Name').tag
    station_head.append(name)

    count = count+1

changedby = member.find('{http://nationalrail.co.uk/xml/common}ChangedBy').text
station.append(changedby)

name = member.find('{http://nationalrail.co.uk/xml/station}Name').text
station.append(name)

csvwriter.writerow(station)

我试过了：

• 使用命名空间字典，但结果一无所获
• 使用硬编码命名空间，但会导致“属性错误：'NoneType' 对象没有属性 'tag'

提前感谢所有帮助。

Answer 1

首先，您的 XML 无效（文件末尾没有</StationList>）。

假设您有有效的 XML 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<StationList xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xmlns:add="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/people/AddressAndPersonalDetails"
            xmlns:com="http://nationalrail.co.uk/xml/common"            xsi:schemaLocation="http://internal.nationalrail.co.uk/xml/XsdSchemas/External/Version4.0/nre-station-v4-0.xsd"
            xmlns="http://nationalrail.co.uk/xml/station">
  <Station xsi:schemaLocation="http://internal.nationalrail.co.uk/xml/XsdSchemas/External/Version4.0/nre-station-v4-0.xsd">
    <ChangeHistory>
      <com:ChangedBy>spascos</com:ChangedBy>
      <com:LastChangedDate>2018-11-07T00:00:00.000Z</com:LastChangedDate>
    </ChangeHistory>
    <Name>Aber</Name>
  </Station>​
</StationList>

然后您可以将您的 XML 转换为 JSON 并简单地将地址转换为所需的值：

import xmltodict
with open('file.xml', 'r') as f:
    data = xmltodict.parse(f.read())
changed_by = data['StationList']['Station']['ChangeHistory']['com:ChangedBy']

输出：

spascos

Answer 2

试试lxml:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from lxml import etree

ns = {"com": "http://nationalrail.co.uk/xml/common"}

with open("so.xml") as f:
    tree = etree.parse(f)
    for t in tree.xpath("//com:ChangedBy/text()", namespaces=ns):
        print(t)

输出：

spascos

Answer 3

您可以使用 Beautifulsoup，它是一个 html 和 xml 解析器

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

fd = open(rootfilepath + "NRE_Station_Dataset_2019_raw.xml")  
soup = BeautifulSoup(fd,'lxml-xml')

for i in soup.findAll('ChangeHistory'):      
    print(i.ChangedBy.text)