如何使用 Python + Selenium WebDriver 保存和加载 cookie

Question

如何将 Python 的 Selenium WebDriver 中的所有 cookie 保存到 .txt 文件中，然后再加载它们？

文档并没有对 getCookies 函数进行太多说明。

Answer 1

您可以使用 pickle 将当前 cookie 保存为 Python 对象。例如：

import pickle
import selenium.webdriver

driver = selenium.webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
pickle.dump( driver.get_cookies() , open("cookies.pkl","wb"))

稍后再添加它们：

import pickle
import selenium.webdriver

driver = selenium.webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
cookies = pickle.load(open("cookies.pkl", "rb"))
for cookie in cookies:
    driver.add_cookie(cookie)

Answer 2

当您需要从会话到会话的 cookie 时，还有另一种方法可以做到这一点。使用 Chrome 选项 user-data-dir 以将文件夹用作配置文件。我跑：

# You need to: from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("user-data-dir=selenium") 
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
driver.get("www.google.com")

在这里，您可以进行检查人机交互的登录。我这样做，然后每次我用那个文件夹启动 Webdriver 时我现在需要的 cookie 都在那里。您还可以手动安装扩展并在每个会话中使用它们。

我第二次运行，所有的cookies都在那里：

# You need to: from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options    
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("user-data-dir=selenium") 
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
driver.get("www.google.com") # Now you can see the cookies, the settings, extensions, etc., and the logins done in the previous session are present here. 

优点是你可以使用多个不同设置和cookies的文件夹，扩展程序无需加载、卸载cookies、安装和卸载扩展程序、更改设置、通过代码更改登录名，因此没有办法拥有逻辑程序中断等。

此外，这比通过代码完成所有操作要快。

Answer 3

请记住，您只能为当前域添加 cookie。

如果您想为您的 Google 帐户添加 cookie，请执行此操作

browser.get('http://google.com')
for cookie in cookies:
    browser.add_cookie(cookie)

Answer 4

只需对代码written by Roel Van de Paar 稍作修改，所有功劳归于他。我在 Windows 中使用它，它在设置和添加 cookie 时运行良好：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=chrome-data")
driver = webdriver.Chrome('chromedriver.exe',options=chrome_options)
driver.get('https://web.whatsapp.com')  # Already authenticated
time.sleep(30)

Answer 5

基于the answer by Eduard Florinescu，但添加了更新的代码和缺少的导入：

$ cat work-auth.py
#!/usr/bin/python3

# Setup:
# sudo apt-get install chromium-chromedriver
# sudo -H python3 -m pip install selenium

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=chrome-data")
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/bin/chromedriver',options=chrome_options)
chrome_options.add_argument("user-data-dir=chrome-data")
driver.get('https://www.somedomainthatrequireslogin.com')
time.sleep(30)  # Time to enter credentials
driver.quit()

$ cat work.py
#!/usr/bin/python3

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=chrome-data")
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/bin/chromedriver',options=chrome_options)
driver.get('https://www.somedomainthatrequireslogin.com')  # Already authenticated
time.sleep(10)
driver.quit()

Answer 6

这是我在 Windows 中使用的代码。它有效。

for item in COOKIES.split(';'):
    name,value = item.split('=', 1)
    name=name.replace(' ', '').replace('\r', '').replace('\n', '')
    value = value.replace(' ', '').replace('\r', '').replace('\n', '')
    cookie_dict={
            'name':name,
            'value':value,
            "domain": "",  # Google Chrome
            "expires": "",
            'path': '/',
            'httpOnly': False,
            'HostOnly': False,
            'Secure': False
        }
    self.driver_.add_cookie(cookie_dict)

Answer 7

试试这个方法：

import pickle
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="chromedriver.exe")
URL = "SITE URL"
driver.get(URL)
sleep(10)
if os.path.exists('cookies.pkl'):
    cookies = pickle.load(open("cookies.pkl", "rb"))
    for cookie in cookies:
        driver.add_cookie(cookie)
    driver.refresh()
    sleep(5)
# check if still need login
# if yes:
# write login code
# when login success save cookies using
pickle.dump(driver.get_cookies(), open("cookies.pkl", "wb"))

Answer 8

理想情况下，最好不要一开始就复制目录，但这非常困难，请参阅

• How to Prevent Selenium 3.0 (Geckodriver) from Creating Temporary Firefox Profiles?
• how do I use an existing profile in-place with Selenium Webdriver?

还有

• Can't use existing Firefox profile in Selenium WebDriver using C#（与下面的解决方案类似）

---

这是为 Firefox 保存配置文件目录的解决方案（类似于 Chrome 中的user-data-dir（用户数据目录））（它涉及手动复制目录。我一直无法找到其他方法）：

已在 Linux 上测试。

---

短版：

• 保存配置文件

driver.execute_script("window.close()")
time.sleep(0.5)
currentProfilePath = driver.capabilities["moz:profile"]
profileStoragePath = "/tmp/abc"
shutil.copytree(currentProfilePath, profileStoragePath,
                ignore_dangling_symlinks=True
                )

• 加载配置文件

driver = Firefox(executable_path="geckodriver-v0.28.0-linux64",
                 firefox_profile=FirefoxProfile(profileStoragePath)
                )

---

长版（通过演示和大量解释——见代码中的 cmets）

代码使用localStorage 进行演示，但它也适用于cookie。

#initial imports

from selenium.webdriver import Firefox, FirefoxProfile

import shutil
import os.path
import time

# Create a new profile

driver = Firefox(executable_path="geckodriver-v0.28.0-linux64",
                  # * I'm using this particular version. If yours is
                  # named "geckodriver" and placed in system PATH
                  # then this is not necessary
                )

# Navigate to an arbitrary page and set some local storage
driver.get("https://DuckDuckGo.com")
assert driver.execute_script(r"""{
        const tmp = localStorage.a; localStorage.a="1";
        return [tmp, localStorage.a]
    }""") == [None, "1"]

# Make sure that the browser writes the data to profile directory.
# Choose one of the below methods
if 0:
    # Wait for some time for Firefox to flush the local storage to disk.
    # It's a long time. I tried 3 seconds and it doesn't work.
    time.sleep(10)

elif 1:
    # Alternatively:
    driver.execute_script("window.close()")
    # NOTE: It might not work if there are multiple windows!

    # Wait for a bit for the browser to clean up
    # (shutil.copytree might throw some weird error if the source directory changes while copying)
    time.sleep(0.5)

else:
    pass
    # I haven't been able to find any other, more elegant way.
    #`close()` and `quit()` both delete the profile directory


# Copy the profile directory (must be done BEFORE driver.quit()!)
currentProfilePath = driver.capabilities["moz:profile"]
assert os.path.isdir(currentProfilePath)
profileStoragePath = "/tmp/abc"
try:
    shutil.rmtree(profileStoragePath)
except FileNotFoundError:
    pass

shutil.copytree(currentProfilePath, profileStoragePath,
                ignore_dangling_symlinks=True # There's a lock file in the
                                              # profile directory that symlinks
                                              # to some IP address + port
               )

driver.quit()
assert not os.path.isdir(currentProfilePath)
# Selenium cleans up properly if driver.quit() is called,
# but not necessarily if the object is destructed


# Now reopen it with the old profile

driver=Firefox(executable_path="geckodriver-v0.28.0-linux64",
               firefox_profile=FirefoxProfile(profileStoragePath)
              )

# Note that the profile directory is **copied** -- see FirefoxProfile documentation
assert driver.profile.path!=profileStoragePath
assert driver.capabilities["moz:profile"]!=profileStoragePath

# Confusingly...
assert driver.profile.path!=driver.capabilities["moz:profile"]
# And only the latter is updated.
# To save it again, use the same method as previously mentioned

# Check the data is still there

driver.get("https://DuckDuckGo.com")

data = driver.execute_script(r"""return localStorage.a""")
assert data=="1", data

driver.quit()

assert not os.path.isdir(driver.capabilities["moz:profile"])
assert not os.path.isdir(driver.profile.path)

---

什么不起作用：

• 初始化Firefox(capabilities={"moz:profile": "/path/to/directory"}) -- 驱动程序将无法连接。
• options=Options(); options.add_argument("profile"); options.add_argument("/path/to/directory"); Firefox(options=options) -- 同上。