Python：重写一个漂亮的 XML 文件 [重复]

Question

我有一个如下所示的 XML 文件：

<Main>

    <Stuff author="Jojo" name="Thing 1">
        <Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" />
        <Attr name="description" value="Long description" />
        <Attr name="version" value="1.0.0" />
        <Attr name="software" value="Misrocoft Ociffe" />
        <Attr name="language" value="Python" />
        <Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" />
        <Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" />
    </Stuff>

    <Stuff author="Toto" name="Thing 2">
        <Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" />
        <Attr name="description" value="Long description"/>
        <Attr name="version" value="4.3.9" />
        <Attr name="software" value="Tophoshop" />
        <Attr name="language" value="Python" />
        <Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" />
        <Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" />
    </Stuff>

</Main>

我正在更新它，然后重写它，但问题是如果我用prettyxml 重写它，我会在旧行之间有新的空格，如下所示：

<Main>


    <Stuff author="Jojo" name="Thing 1">


        <Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" />


        <Attr name="description" value="Long description" />


        <Attr name="version" value="1.0.0" />


        <Attr name="software" value="Misrocoft Ociffe" />


        <Attr name="language" value="Python" />


        <Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" />


        <Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" />


    </Stuff>

    <Stuff author="Toto" name="Thing 2">


        <Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" />


        <Attr name="description" value="Long description"/>


        <Attr name="version" value="4.3.9" />


        <Attr name="software" value="Tophoshop" />


        <Attr name="language" value="Python" />


        <Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" />


        <Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" />


    </Stuff>

    <Stuff author="Titi" name="New thing">
        <Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" />
        <Attr name="description" value="Long description"/>
        <Attr name="version" value="4.3.9" />
        <Attr name="software" value="Tophoshop" />
        <Attr name="language" value="Python" />
        <Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" />
        <Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" />
    </Stuff>

</Main>

如果我重写它toxml，我根本就没有像这样的缩进或空格：

<Main>

    <Stuff author="Jojo" name="Thing 1">
        <Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" />
        <Attr name="description" value="Long description" />
        <Attr name="version" value="1.0.0" />
        <Attr name="software" value="Misrocoft Ociffe" />
        <Attr name="language" value="Python" />
        <Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" />
        <Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" />
    </Stuff>

    <Stuff author="Toto" name="Thing 2">
        <Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" />
        <Attr name="description" value="Long description"/>
        <Attr name="version" value="4.3.9" />
        <Attr name="software" value="Tophoshop" />
        <Attr name="language" value="Python" />
        <Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" />
        <Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" />
    </Stuff>

<Stuff author="Titi" name="New thing"><Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" /><Attr name="description" value="Long description"/><Attr name="version" value="4.3.9" /><Attr name="software" value="Tophoshop" /><Attr name="language" value="Python" /><Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" /><Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" /></Stuff></Main>

有没有办法输出一个新的漂亮的 XML，它不会修改文件的现有格式？
我正在考虑将 XML 更改为单行字符串，然后在 prettyxml 中重新编写它，但我不知道该怎么做或者是否可能（我正在使用 etree 和 minidom 获取信息)。

---

更新（答案）：

这是我最后制作的代码，注意我的rootXml来自ElementTree。

from xml.dom import minidom
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

def writeXml(rootXml, xmlFile):

    roughString = ET.tostring(rootXml, 'utf-8')
    oneLineString = ''.join([s.strip() for s in roughString.splitlines()])

    minidomXml = minidom.parseString(oneLineString)
    rootMinidom = minidomXml.firstChild

    prettyXmlString = rootMinidom.toprettyxml()
    prettyXml = ET.fromstring(prettyXmlString)

    with open(xmlFile, "w") as f:
        f.write (ET.tostring(prettyXml))

将返回以下 xml：

<Main>
    <Stuff author="Jojo" name="Thing 1">
        <Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" />
        <Attr name="description" value="Long description" />
        <Attr name="version" value="1.0.0" />
        <Attr name="software" value="Misrocoft Ociffe" />
        <Attr name="language" value="Python" />
        <Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" />
        <Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" />
    </Stuff>
    <Stuff author="Toto" name="Thing 2">
        <Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" />
        <Attr name="description" value="Long description"/>
        <Attr name="version" value="4.3.9" />
        <Attr name="software" value="Tophoshop" />
        <Attr name="language" value="Python" />
        <Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" />
        <Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" />
    </Stuff>
    <Stuff author="Titi" name="New thing">
        <Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" />
        <Attr name="description" value="Long description"/>
        <Attr name="version" value="4.3.9" />
        <Attr name="software" value="Tophoshop" />
        <Attr name="language" value="Python" />
        <Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" />
        <Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" />
    </Stuff>
</Main>

Answer 1

据我所知，没有干净的方法可以修复minidom 的toprettyxml() *。最简单的方法之一可能是使用BeautifulSoup 的prettify()。例如，您的单行 Stuff 元素被正确地分隔成带有 prettify() 缩进的新行：

>>> from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
>>> raw = '''<Stuff author="Titi" name="New thing"><Attr name="annotation" value="Short description" /><Attr name="description" value="Long description"/><Attr name="version" value="4.3.9" /><Attr name="software" value="Tophoshop" /><Attr name="language" value="Python" /><Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext" /><Attr name="command" value="doSomething()" /></Stuff>'''
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup(raw, "xml")
>>> print soup.prettify()
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Stuff author="Titi" name="New thing">
 <Attr name="annotation" value="Short description"/>
 <Attr name="description" value="Long description"/>
 <Attr name="version" value="4.3.9"/>
 <Attr name="software" value="Tophoshop"/>
 <Attr name="language" value="Python"/>
 <Attr name="path" value="/here/there/aroundHere/somewhere/file.ext"/>
 <Attr name="command" value="doSomething()"/>
</Stuff>

*) 参考：

• problem with the new lines when I use toprettyxml()
• Empty lines while using minidom.toprettyxml
• Pretty printing XML in Python