.getTextContent 也从子元素返回文本

Question

我正在尝试对 XML 进行解析（是的，我知道有更简单的方法可以像 xstream 那样解析/验证），但我似乎无法仅获取单个元素的文本内容。例如：

<container>
   <element0>textThatIWant</element0> //only returned by .getTextContent
   <element1>
      <subelement0>textThatIDontWant</subelement0> //but also returned by
      <subelement1>textThatIDontWant</subelement1> //.getTextContent
   </element1>
<container>

我将结果输出到控制台，主要得到我正在寻找的内容，但我似乎获得文本字符串的唯一方法是使用.getTextContent()，它也返回子元素中的所有文本，没有空格（否则我会在空格上拆分）或.getNodeValue().toString()，它会抛出nullPointerExceptions。 @Jihar 提到了 .getTextValue() 之类的东西，但 Eclipse 无法识别它（也许我可以实现/继承/添加任何功能），有什么帮助吗？

这是我正在使用的代码：

import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import org.w3c.dom.*;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import java.io.*;

public class Test {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws  ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException {
      DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
      DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
      StringBuilder xmlStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
      String appendage = "..." //This string holds the xml formatted data I'll be 
                               //using in a long annoying line, I'll include it 
                               //separately for clarity
      xmlStringBuilder.append(appendage);   
      ByteArrayInputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(xmlStringBuilder.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));

      System.out.println("Test Results:");
      System.out.println();

      Document doc = builder.parse(input);
      Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
      NodeList children = root.getChildNodes();

      System.out.println(root.getTagName());
      System.out.println();

      for (int i = 0; i < children.getLength(); i++) {
         Node child = children.item(i);
         if (child instanceof Element) { 
            Element childElement = (Element) child; 
            System.out.println(childElement.getTagName() + " " + childElement);

            NodeList grandChildren = child.getChildNodes();
            for (int x = 0; x < grandChildren.getLength(); x++) {
               Node grandChild = grandChildren.item(x);
               if (grandChild instanceof Element) {
                  Element grandChildElement = (Element) grandChild;
                  System.out.print("\t" + grandChildElement.getTagName() + ":\t");

                  NodeList greatGrandChildren = grandChild.getChildNodes();
                  for (int y = 0; y < greatGrandChildren.getLength(); y++) {
                     Node greatGrandChild = greatGrandChildren.item(y);
                     if (greatGrandChild instanceof Element) {
                        Element greatGrandChildElement = (Element) greatGrandChild;
                        System.out.print(" " + greatGrandChildElement.getTextContent());
                        if ( y < greatGrandChildren.getLength() - 1) { System.out.print(","); } }
                     }
                     System.out.println();
               }
            }
         }
      }
   }
}

这是完整的附加变量：

String appendage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?><branch0><name>business</name><taxINFO/><personnel><executives><name>Billy Bob</name><name>Colonel Jessup</name></executives><managerial/><operations><name>sabrina</name><name>lisa</name></operations><services><name>jamie</name><name>justin</name><name>forest</name></services></personnel><regions><ebay><area>OK</area><area>BE</area><area>EV</area><area>WC</area></ebay><sbay><area>SJ</area><area>MP</area><area>SV</area><area>MV</area></sbay><S.F.><area>SF</area></S.F.><N.Y.><area>NY</area></N.Y.><S.CA><area>SD</area><area>LA</area></S.CA></regions><products/><services/></branch0>";

或：

String appendage = "
<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>
<branch0>
   <name>business</name>
   <taxINFO/>
   <personnel>
      <executives>
         <name>Billy Bob</name>
         <name>Colonel Jessup</name>
      </executives>
   <managerial/>
   <operations>
      <name>sabrina</name>
      <name>lisa</name>
   </operations>
   <services>
      <name>jamie</name>
      <name>justin</name>
      <name>forest</name>
   </services>
   </personnel>
   <regions>
      <ebay>
         <area>OK</area>
         <area>BE</area>
         <area>EV</area>
         <area>WC</area>
      </ebay>
      <sbay>
         <area>SJ</area>
         <area>MP</area>
         <area>SV</area>
         <area>MV</area>
      </sbay>
      <S.F.>
         <area>SF</area>
      </S.F.>
      <N.Y.>
         <area>NY</area>
      </N.Y.>
      <S.CA>
         <area>SD</area>
         <area>LA</area>
      </S.CA>
   </regions>
   <products/>
   <services/>
</branch0>";
";

最后，我的控制台输出（您会看到[name: null] 我希望它说类似[name: business] 甚至只是business；但不包括不包含子元素数据空格）：

Test Results:

branch0

name [name: null]
taxINFO [taxINFO: null]
personnel [personnel: null]
    executives:  Billy Bob, Colonel Jessup
    managerial: 
    operations:  sabrina, lisa
    services:    jamie, justin, forest
regions [regions: null]
    ebay:    OK, BE, EV, WC
    sbay:    SJ, MP, SV, MV
    S.F.:    SF
    N.Y.:    NY
    S.CA:    SD, LA
products [products: null]
services [services: null]

这是我使用.getTextContent的控制台输出：

Test Results:
business
branch0

name business
taxINFO 
personnel Billy BobColonel Jessupsabrinalisajamiejustinforest
 executives:     Billy Bob, Colonel Jessup
 managerial:    
 operations:     sabrina, lisa
 services:   jamie, justin, forest
regions OKBEEVWCSJMPSVMVSFNYSDLA
 ebay:   OK, BE, EV, WC
 sbay:   SJ, MP, SV, MV
 S.F.:   SF
 N.Y.:   NY
 S.CA:   SD, LA
products 
services 

Answer 1

System.out.println(childElement.getTagName() + " " + childElement);

应该是（如你所知！）

System.out.println(childElement.getTagName() + " "
    + childElement.getTextContent());

Answer 2

因此，就我的目的而言，我能够使用 XPath 获取我正在寻找的各个元素：

XPathFactory xpfactory = XPathFactory.newInstance();
XPath path = xpfactory.newXPath();
try {
    String aString = path.evaluate("/branch0/name", doc);
    System.out.println(aString);
    } catch (XPathExpressionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }

当然，这需要预先了解结构，但由于我可以使用 XML 模式进行验证，而且我的文档不是太复杂/嵌套太重，我认为这对我来说不是问题。当我完成当前项目的工作时，我将尝试查找并发布有关迭代子节点和检查文本节点的链接（正如@Ian Roberts 建议的那样），但我现在对 XML 的了解还不够。