如何在实体框架中重用投影？

Question

我有一个 ASP.NET MVC 应用程序，它使用实体框架来获取数据。

在将实体传递给视图之前，我需要将它们转换为模型。投影可能非常复杂，但为了简单起见：

public static IQueryable<UserModel> ToModel(this IQueryable<User> users)
{
    return from user in users
           select new UserModel
           {
               Name = user.Name,
               Email = user.Email,
           };
}

这可以在这样的控制器中使用：

return View(Repository.Users.ToModel().ToList());

非常好。但是如果我想在另一个投影中使用这个投影呢？示例：

public static IQueryable<BlogPostModel> ToModel(this IQueryable<BlogPost> blogs)
{
    return from blogs in blogs
           select new BlogPostModel
           {
               Title = blog.Title,
               Authors = blog.Authors.AsQueryable().ToModel(), // (entities are POCOs)
               // This does not work, because EF does not understand method ToModel().
           };
}

（假设博客可以有多个作者，并且它是用户类型）。

我可以以某种方式分离投影并在另一个投影中重复使用它们吗？

Answer 1

以下是实际可行的方法（在一个简单的测试应用程序中），只选择请求的字段：

namespace Entities
{
    public class BlogPost
    {
        public virtual int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual string Title { get; set; }
        public virtual DateTime Created { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<User> Authors { get; set; }
    }

    public class User
    {
        public virtual int Id { get; set; }
        public virtual string Name { get; set; }
        public virtual string Email { get; set; }
        public virtual byte[] Password { get; set; }
        public virtual ICollection<BlogPost> BlogPosts { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace Models
{
    public class BlogPostModel
    {
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public IEnumerable<UserModel> Authors { get; set; }
    }

    public class UserModel
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Email { get; set; }
    }

    public static class BlogPostModelExtensions
    {
        public static readonly Expression<Func<BlogPost, BlogPostModel>> ToModelConverterExpression =
            p =>
            new BlogPostModel
            {
                Title = p.Title,
                Authors = p.Authors.AsQueryable().Select(UserModelExtensions.ToModelConverterExpression),
            };

        public static readonly Func<BlogPost, BlogPostModel> ToModelConverterFunction = ToModelConverterExpression.Compile();

        public static IQueryable<BlogPostModel> ToModel(this IQueryable<BlogPost> blogPosts)
        {
            return blogPosts.Select(ToModelConverterExpression);
        }

        public static IEnumerable<BlogPostModel> ToModel(this IEnumerable<BlogPost> blogPosts)
        {
            return blogPosts.Select(ToModelConverterFunction);
        }
    }

    public static class UserModelExtensions
    {
        public static readonly Expression<Func<User, UserModel>> ToModelConverterExpression =
            u =>
            new UserModel
            {
                Name = u.Name,
                Email = u.Email,
            };

        public static readonly Func<User, UserModel> ToModelConverterFunction = ToModelConverterExpression.Compile();

        public static IQueryable<UserModel> ToModel(this IQueryable<User> users)
        {
            return users.Select(ToModelConverterExpression);
        }

        public static IEnumerable<UserModel> ToModel(this IEnumerable<User> users)
        {
            return users.Select(ToModelConverterFunction);
        }
    }
}

在不实际创建数据库的情况下对其进行测试：

var blogPostsQuery = (
    from p in context.BlogPosts
    where p.Title.StartsWith("a")
    select p).ToModel();
Console.WriteLine(((ObjectQuery)blogPostQuery).ToTraceString());