为什么我的 jekyll 命令不再起作用？

Question

我最近发现jekyll 命令在我的电脑上不再工作了，在完美使用了几个月之后。

每当我尝试运行 jekyll 命令时，它都会显示：

/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/dependency.rb:319:in `to_specs':
    Could not find 'jekyll' (>= 0) among 34 total gem(s) (Gem::LoadError)
Checked in 'GEM_PATH=/Users/Mael/.gem/ruby/2.3.0:/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0:/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0',
    execute `gem env` for more information
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/dependency.rb:328:in `to_spec'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_gem.rb:65:in `gem'
    from /usr/local/bin/jekyll:22:in `<main>'

我使用的是 macOS Sierra (10.12.6)。

Xcode 已安装

我的电脑上安装了 Xcode：

$ xcode-select --install
xcode-select: error: command line tools are already installed, use "Software Update" to install updates

重新安装 Jekyll

检查 ruby​​ 版本并（重新）安装捆绑程序

所以我尝试像第一次一样重新安装 Jekyll：

$ ruby -v
ruby 2.3.7p456 (2018-03-28 revision 63024) [universal.x86_64-darwin16]

$ sudo gem install bundler
Successfully installed bundler-1.17.1
Parsing documentation for bundler-1.17.1
Done installing documentation for bundler after 4 seconds
1 gem installed

创建一个 Gemfile

我创建了一个 Gemfile，其中包含：

gem 'github-pages'
source 'https://rubygems.org'

捆绑安装（问题来了）

然后在包含 Gemfile 的目录中运行：

$ bundle install

这里，安装不起作用，它说：

An error occurred while installing commonmarker (0.17.13), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install commonmarker -v '0.17.13' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'` succeeds before bundling.

In Gemfile:
  github-pages was resolved to 192, which depends on
    jekyll-commonmark-ghpages was resolved to 0.1.5, which depends on
      jekyll-commonmark was resolved to 1.2.0, which depends on
        commonmarker

所以我尝试了gem install commonmarker -v '0.17.13' --source 'https://rubygems.org/' 命令，它说：

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing commonmarker:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/commonmarker-0.17.13/ext/commonmarker
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20181112-6105-u9aca2.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile

current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/commonmarker-0.17.13/ext/commonmarker
make "DESTDIR=" clean

current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/commonmarker-0.17.13/ext/commonmarker
make "DESTDIR="
make: *** No rule to make target `/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.13.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin16/ruby/config.h', needed by `arena.o'.  Stop.

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems/commonmarker-0.17.13 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/extensions/universal-darwin-16/2.3.0/commonmarker-0.17.13/gem_make.out

我注意到我的/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems (2.0.0) 目录中有几个jekyll 和github-pages gems：

github-pages-146
github-pages-health-check-1.3.5
...
jekyll-3.4.5
jekyll-avatar-0.4.2
jekyll-coffeescript-1.0.1
[and several other jekyll directories]
...

但不在我的/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems (2.3.0) 目录中！ （运行jekyll 命令时似乎被GEM_PATH 锁定的那个）

所以，也许我做了一些改变版本的事情。 （我最近安装了osxfuse和sshfs（通过brew），不知道是不是和这个问题有关？）

我对 Ruby、Gems 系统等一无所知。也许解决方案很明显，但我尝试了几件事都没有成功。

（对不起，有点长，但我想尽可能清楚！）

Answer 1

我也不使用 Ruby，但我在 Mac OS 10.12.6 上遇到了类似的问题，我是这样解决的。

这可能是由于系统 Ruby 环境和 Jekyll 之间存在一些分歧，最简单的解决方法是完全创建一个新环境。

首先您应该使用rvm 来管理您的Ruby 版本，以避免删除系统Ruby 并破坏您的操作系统。设置 rvm 后，运行

rvm install 2.3.3

安装 Ruby 2.3.3（这是我使用的）。完成后，将其设为系统中的默认 Ruby 版本：

rvm --default use 2.3.3

然后我做了以下事情：

gem install bundler
gem install jekyll
bundle install

Jekyll 又为我工作了。

希望对您有所帮助。

Answer 2

我不是 mac 用户，对 ruby​​ 不是很熟悉，但是当我看到 ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension 时，通常与没有包含 devkit 的 ruby​​ 版本有关。

据我了解，您可以使用 devkit 获得 ruby​​，也可以不使用 devkit 获得 ruby​​，如果没有 devkit，则无法构建所需的某些 gem。在 PC 上需要 devkit 才能安装所有 jekyll 依赖项。

Answer 3

我在使用 jeklly 捆绑新网站时遇到了同样的问题。

试试这个：

xcode-select --install
gem install bundler jekyll

这就是我不需要 sudo 来安装 bundler jekyll 的方式。

Install the Command Line Tools:
  xcode-select --install

abcLabdeMacBook-Air:zeppelin-master abclab$ xcode-select --install
xcode-select: note: install requested for command line developer tools
abcLabdeMacBook-Air:zeppelin-master abclab$ gem install bundler jekyll
ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
    You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0 directory.
abcLabdeMacBook-Air:zeppelin-master abclab$ bundle install
Ignoring eventmachine-1.2.7 because its extensions are not built.  Try: gem pristine eventmachine --version 1.2.7
Ignoring ffi-1.9.25 because its extensions are not built.  Try: gem pristine ffi --version 1.9.25
Ignoring http_parser.rb-0.6.0 because its extensions are not built.  Try: gem pristine http_parser.rb --version 0.6.0
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/.................
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/..
Resolving dependencies.....
Using concurrent-ruby 1.1.4
Following files may not be writable, so sudo is needed:
  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0
  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/build_info
  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/cache
  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/doc
  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/extensions
  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems
  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/specifications
Using i18n 0.9.5
Using minitest 5.11.3
Using thread_safe 0.3.6
Using tzinfo 1.2.5
Using activesupport 4.2.10
Using public_suffix 2.0.5
Using addressable 2.5.2
Using execjs 2.7.0
Using autoprefixer-rails 9.4.7
Using bundler 2.0.1
Using chunky_png 1.3.11
Using coffee-script-source 1.11.1
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using colorator 1.1.0
Using ruby-enum 0.7.2
Fetching commonmarker 0.17.13


Your user account isn't allowed to install to the system RubyGems.
  You can cancel this installation and run:

      bundle install --path vendor/bundle

  to install the gems into ./vendor/bundle/, or you can enter your password
  and install the bundled gems to RubyGems using sudo.

  Password: 


Your user account isn't allowed to install to the system RubyGems.
  You can cancel this installation and run:

      bundle install --path vendor/bundle

  to install the gems into ./vendor/bundle/, or you can enter your password
  and install the bundled gems to RubyGems using sudo.

  Password: 
Installing commonmarker 0.17.13 with native extensions
Fetching multi_json 1.13.1
Installing multi_json 1.13.1
Fetching sass 3.4.25
Installing sass 3.4.25
Fetching compass-core 1.0.3
Installing compass-core 1.0.3
Fetching compass-import-once 1.0.5
Installing compass-import-once 1.0.5
Using rb-fsevent 0.10.3
Fetching ffi 1.10.0
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Fetching rb-inotify 0.10.0
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Fetching compass 1.0.3
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Fetching dnsruby 1.61.2
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Fetching eventmachine 1.2.7
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Fetching http_parser.rb 0.6.0
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Using em-websocket 0.5.1
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Using forwardable-extended 2.6.0
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Fetching typhoeus 1.3.1
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Fetching github-pages-health-check 1.8.1
Installing github-pages-health-check 1.8.1
Using jekyll-sass-converter 1.5.2
Using ruby_dep 1.5.0
Using listen 3.1.5
Fetching jekyll-watch 2.1.2
Installing jekyll-watch 2.1.2
Using kramdown 1.17.0
Using liquid 4.0.0
Using mercenary 0.3.6
Fetching pathutil 0.16.2
Installing pathutil 0.16.2
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Using safe_yaml 1.0.4
Fetching jekyll 3.7.4
Installing jekyll 3.7.4
Fetching jekyll-avatar 0.6.0
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Fetching jekyll-coffeescript 1.1.1
Installing jekyll-coffeescript 1.1.1
Fetching jekyll-commonmark 1.2.0
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Fetching jekyll-commonmark-ghpages 0.1.5
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Fetching rubyzip 1.2.2
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Installing sass-media_query_combiner 0.0.7
Bundle complete! 4 Gemfile dependencies, 91 gems now installed.
Use `bundle info [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
Post-install message from compass:
    Compass is charityware. If you love it, please donate on our behalf at http://umdf.org/compass Thanks!
Post-install message from dnsruby:
Installing dnsruby...
  For issues and source code: https://github.com/alexdalitz/dnsruby
  For general discussion (please tell us how you use dnsruby): https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/dnsruby
Post-install message from html-pipeline:
-------------------------------------------------
Thank you for installing html-pipeline!
You must bundle Filter gem dependencies.
See html-pipeline README.md for more details.
https://github.com/jch/html-pipeline#dependencies
-------------------------------------------------

Answer 4

也可能是你错误地安装了 Jekyll 的多个依赖项。那样的话

$ /usr/bin/jekyll serve

可能会起作用，或者删除一个或多个 Jekyll 安装。

查找

$ whereis jekyll

然后保留上面的一个并删除其余的安装。

Answer 5

我找到了一个解决方案，我认为它非常不干净，但现在可以使用。

我在/Library/Ruby/Gems/ 中有两个目录：

• 2.0.0/
  • gems/
  • specifications/
  • ...
• 2.3.0/
  • gems/
  • specifications/
  • ...

当我尝试运行 jekyll 时，错误输出表明它检查（以及其他）/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0，但正如我在问题中所说，那里没有任何与 jekyll 相关的文件。

所以，我手动复制了 /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems 和 /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/specifications 中的所有文件，并将它们分别粘贴到 /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems 和 /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/specifications 中。

我猜我复制的文件对于我拥有的 Ruby 版本可能已经过时（？），但它工作得很好。

也许有更传统的方法可以让它发挥作用？