在 vagrant box add 命令中使用的 URL 是什么？

Question

我正在尝试通过入门教程来学习 Vagrant。但是只有进入教程的几个步骤，事情已经不像教程中解释的那样工作了。具体来说，Vagrant 似乎不知道如何下载教程中使用的盒子。这是我到目前为止所做的：

查看是否安装了vagrant：

$ which vagrant

安装 Vagrant：

$ sudo aptitude install vagrant
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  bsdtar{a} libruby1.9.1{a} libyaml-0-2{a} ruby{a} ruby-childprocess{a} ruby-erubis{a} ruby-ffi{a} ruby-i18n{a} ruby-log4r{a} ruby-net-scp{a} ruby-net-ssh{a} ruby1.9.1{a} vagrant 
0 packages upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/3,451 kB of archives. After unpacking 17.9 MB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y
Selecting previously unselected package libyaml-0-2:amd64.
(Reading database ... 171235 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libyaml-0-2_0.1.4-3ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libyaml-0-2:amd64 (0.1.4-3ubuntu3.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package bsdtar.
Preparing to unpack .../bsdtar_3.1.2-7ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking bsdtar (3.1.2-7ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ruby.
Preparing to unpack .../ruby_1%3a1.9.3.4_all.deb ...
Unpacking ruby (1:1.9.3.4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ruby1.9.1.
Preparing to unpack .../ruby1.9.1_1.9.3.484-2ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking ruby1.9.1 (1.9.3.484-2ubuntu1.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libruby1.9.1.
Preparing to unpack .../libruby1.9.1_1.9.3.484-2ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libruby1.9.1 (1.9.3.484-2ubuntu1.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ruby-ffi.
Preparing to unpack .../ruby-ffi_1.9.3debian-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking ruby-ffi (1.9.3debian-1ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ruby-childprocess.
Preparing to unpack .../ruby-childprocess_0.3.9-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking ruby-childprocess (0.3.9-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ruby-erubis.
Preparing to unpack .../ruby-erubis_2.7.0-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking ruby-erubis (2.7.0-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ruby-i18n.
Preparing to unpack .../ruby-i18n_0.6.9-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking ruby-i18n (0.6.9-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ruby-log4r.
Preparing to unpack .../ruby-log4r_1.1.10-3_all.deb ...
Unpacking ruby-log4r (1.1.10-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ruby-net-ssh.
Preparing to unpack .../ruby-net-ssh_1%3a2.6.8-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking ruby-net-ssh (1:2.6.8-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ruby-net-scp.
Preparing to unpack .../ruby-net-scp_1.1.1-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking ruby-net-scp (1.1.1-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package vagrant.
Preparing to unpack .../vagrant_1.4.3-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking vagrant (1.4.3-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.5) ...
Processing 1 added doc-base file...
Registering documents with scrollkeeper...
Setting up libyaml-0-2:amd64 (0.1.4-3ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up bsdtar (3.1.2-7ubuntu2) ...
Setting up ruby (1:1.9.3.4) ...
Setting up ruby1.9.1 (1.9.3.484-2ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up libruby1.9.1 (1.9.3.484-2ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up ruby-ffi (1.9.3debian-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up ruby-childprocess (0.3.9-2) ...
Setting up ruby-erubis (2.7.0-2) ...
Setting up ruby-i18n (0.6.9-1) ...
Setting up ruby-log4r (1.1.10-3) ...
Setting up ruby-net-ssh (1:2.6.8-1) ...
Setting up ruby-net-scp (1.1.1-1) ...
Setting up vagrant (1.4.3-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.5) ...

试试vagrant getting started tutorial：

$ mkdir vagrant_getting_started && cd $_

$ vagrant init
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

$ vagrant box add hashicorp/precise32
This command was not invoked properly. The help for this command is
available below.

Usage: vagrant box add <name> <url> [--provider provider] [-h]
    --checksum VALUE             Checksum
    --checksum-type VALUE        Checksum type
-c, --clean                      Remove old temporary download if it exists.
-f, --force                      Overwrite an existing box if it exists.
    --insecure                   If set, SSL certs will not be validated.
    --cacert certfile            CA certificate
    --cert certfile              The client SSL cert
    --provider provider          The provider that backs the box.
-h, --help                       Print this help

根据此输出，我似乎需要指定一个 URL，从该 URL 可以下载该框。所以，根据教程，我搜索了Hashicorp's Atlas box catalog。我想我找到了位于https://atlas.hashicorp.com/hashicorp/boxes/precise32 的正确资源，但该资源没有提供可以从中获取框的 URL。相反，它只是说vagrant up hashicorp/precise32 --provider virtualbox。所以我尝试了该命令并得到了这个错误：

$ vagrant up hashicorp/precise32 --provider virtualbox
The machine with the name 'hashicorp/precise32' was not found configured for
this Vagrant environment.

在哪里可以找到应该在vagrant box add <name> <url> 命令中使用的 URL？我认为在 Hashicorp 的盒子目录中很容易找到它，但我在任何地方都没有看到它。

以防万一这是关于我当前环境的有用信息：

$ vagrant box list -i
There are no installed boxes! Use `vagrant box add` to add some.

Answer 1

我认为问题在于你最终得到了一个相当旧的 Vagrant 版本 - 1.4.3-1，而最新的是 1.7.2。您安装的存储库可能不再保持最新状态。

我建议卸载您当前拥有的，然后从 Vagrant downloads 重新安装最新版本。

更新：如果你在 Linux 上安装 Vagrant，（无论是 Debian 还是 RPM 格式的打包），你肯定想从 Vagrant downloads 下载，因为仓库中的包没有跟上迄今为止，并且会很老。

对于 Vagrant 1.7.2，添加帮助框的部分内容是：

$ vagrant box add -h
Usage: vagrant box add [options] <name, url, or path>

The box descriptor can be the name of a box on HashiCorp's Atlas,
or a URL, or a local .box file, or a local .json file containing
the catalog metadata.

然后您可以继续按照入门指南进行操作，并可以在 Boxes documentation 上阅读更多内容。

更新2：对于原来的问题“如何找到Box文件的URL？”，有两种情况：

1. 来自 HashiCorp 的盒子现在托管在其 Atlas service 上：这些盒子由“hashicorp/precise32”或“ubuntu/trusty64”等速记代码标识。我想有一个网络服务或约定，流浪者命令行可以查询阿特拉斯云，然后找到实际的下载 URL。他们似乎没有公开这一点，但您可能可以通过观察网络流量或查看 vagrant 源来弄清楚。

2. 来自其他项目的可能是公共或内部（公司）的盒子：这些盒子通常带有一个直接指向 .box 文件的普通 URL。您可以在Vagrantbox.es 上查看其中的一些示例。事实上，如果您在那里搜索“vagrantup”，您会看到许多原始标准框及其 URL。

Answer 2

我不清楚你为什么不直接运行 vagrant init hashicorp/precise32，因为它会处理查找和将盒子添加到你的盒子注册表。

但是，如果您真的想查看该框的来源，即使使用旧版本的 vagrant，您也可以利用 --debug 标志，您将在输出中看到这个框的 URL 当前是 https://atlas.hashicorp.com/hashicorp/boxes/precise32/versions/1.0.0/providers/virtualbox.box。

回答问题（虽然不推荐这种方式）：

vagrant box add hashicorp/precise32 https://atlas.hashicorp.com/hashicorp/boxes/precise32/versions/1.0.0/providers/virtualbox.box

Answer 3

与：

~ » vagrant version
Installed Version: 2.0.1
Latest Version: 2.0.1

You're running an up-to-date version of Vagrant!

您可以简单地发出一个 curl 请求来取回数据。见下文：

~ » curl -i -L https://vagrantcloud.com/sakhan/ubuntu1404-contrail-devstack1
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: Cowboy
Date: Fri, 19 Jan 2018 18:08:40 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
Location: https://vagrantcloud.com/sakhan/boxes/ubuntu1404-contrail-devstack1
Content-Type: text/html
Cache-Control: no-cache
X-Request-Id: cfcc4360-34f5-41d2-91ce-1eb82e5a6b7c
X-Runtime: 0.004783
Content-Length: 133
Via: 1.1 vegur

HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Server: Cowboy
Date: Fri, 19 Jan 2018 18:08:40 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
Location: https://app.vagrantup.com/sakhan/boxes/ubuntu1404-contrail-devstack1
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Cache-Control: no-cache
X-Request-Id: 1383ab1f-8ed8-4e81-9762-d5ffacdda9f3
X-Runtime: 0.008575
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Via: 1.1 vegur

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Cowboy
Date: Fri, 19 Jan 2018 18:08:41 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Etag: W/"af57ca8e837f7cdd4c3047e2752a506f"
Cache-Control: max-age=0, private, must-revalidate
X-Request-Id: b0296c54-8ffc-408b-89e5-e361df1bb6c8
X-Runtime: 0.051198
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Via: 1.1 vegur

{"description":"Vagrant box having Opencontail + Devstack environment","short_description":"Vagrant box having Opencontail + Devstack environment","name":"sakhan/ubuntu1404-contrail-devstack1","versions":[{"version":"0.0.2","status":"active","description_html":"<p>Vagrant box with opencontrail_devstack version 0.0.2</p>\n","description_markdown":"Vagrant box with opencontrail_devstack version 0.0.2","providers":[{"name":"virtualbox","url":"https://vagrantcloud.com/sakhan/boxes/ubuntu1404-contrail-devstack1/versions/0.0.2/providers/virtualbox.box"}]}]}

所以最后，你有以下 json 信息：

providers:
    name: virtualbox
    url: https://vagrantcloud.com/sakh...ons/0.0.2/providers/virtualbox.box

HTH