【发布时间】:2018-12-27 13:35:36
【问题描述】:
目标:Cassandra 中的数百万行需要尽可能快速有效地提取并压缩到单个文件中(每天)。
当前设置使用 Google Dataproc 集群运行 Spark 作业,将数据直接提取到 Google Cloud Storage 存储桶中。我尝试了两种方法:
使用(现已弃用)FileUtil.copyMerge() 将大约 9000 个 Spark 分区文件组合成一个未压缩的文件,然后提交 Hadoop MapReduce 作业以压缩该单个文件。
保留大约 9000 个 Spark 分区文件作为原始输出,并提交 Hadoop MapReduce 作业以将这些文件合并并压缩为单个文件。
一些工作细节: 大约 8 亿行。 Spark作业输出的大约9000个Spark分区文件。 Spark 作业在 1 个 Master、4 个 Worker(4 个 vCPU,每个 15GB)Dataproc 集群上完成运行大约需要一个小时。 默认 Dataproc Hadoop 块大小,我认为是 128MB。
一些 Spark 配置细节:
spark.task.maxFailures=10
spark.executor.cores=4
spark.cassandra.input.consistency.level=LOCAL_ONE
spark.cassandra.input.reads_per_sec=100
spark.cassandra.input.fetch.size_in_rows=1000
spark.cassandra.input.split.size_in_mb=64
Hadoop 作业:
hadoop jar file://usr/lib/hadoop-mapreduce/hadoop-streaming-2.8.4.jar
-Dmapred.reduce.tasks=1
-Dmapred.output.compress=true
-Dmapred.compress.map.output=true
-Dstream.map.output.field.separator=,
-Dmapred.textoutputformat.separator=,
-Dmapred.output.compression.codec=org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec
-input gs://bucket/with/either/single/uncompressed/csv/or/many/spark/partition/file/csvs
-output gs://output/bucket
-mapper /bin/cat
-reducer /bin/cat
-inputformat org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat
-outputformat org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextOutputFormat
- Spark 作业大约需要 1 小时才能将 Cassandra 数据提取到 GCS 存储桶。使用 FileUtil.copyMerge() 增加了大约 45 分钟,由 Dataproc 集群执行,但资源未充分利用,因为它似乎使用 1 个节点。压缩该单个文件的 Hadoop 作业又花费了 50 分钟。这不是最佳方法,因为集群必须保持更长时间,即使它没有使用其全部资源。
该作业的信息输出:
INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 55
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=5072098452
FILE: Number of bytes written=7896333915
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
GS: Number of bytes read=47132294405
GS: Number of bytes written=2641672054
GS: Number of read operations=0
GS: Number of large read operations=0
GS: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=57024
HDFS: Number of bytes written=0
HDFS: Number of read operations=352
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=0
Job Counters
Killed map tasks=1
Launched map tasks=353
Launched reduce tasks=1
Rack-local map tasks=353
Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=18495825
Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=7412208
Total time spent by all map tasks (ms)=6165275
Total time spent by all reduce tasks (ms)=2470736
Total vcore-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=6165275
Total vcore-milliseconds taken by all reduce tasks=2470736
Total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=18939724800
Total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all reduce tasks=7590100992
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=775533855
Map output records=775533855
Map output bytes=47130856709
Map output materialized bytes=2765069653
Input split bytes=57024
Combine input records=0
Combine output records=0
Reduce input groups=2539721
Reduce shuffle bytes=2765069653
Reduce input records=775533855
Reduce output records=775533855
Spilled Records=2204752220
Shuffled Maps =352
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=352
GC time elapsed (ms)=87201
CPU time spent (ms)=7599340
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=204676702208
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=1552881852416
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=193017675776
Shuffle Errors
BAD_ID=0
CONNECTION=0
IO_ERROR=0
WRONG_LENGTH=0
WRONG_MAP=0
WRONG_REDUCE=0
File Input Format Counters
Bytes Read=47132294405
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=2641672054
- 我预计这种方法的性能与其他方法一样好或更好,但它的性能要差得多。 Spark 作业保持不变。跳过 FileUtil.copyMerge() 并直接跳入 Hadoop MapReduce 作业……一个半小时后,作业的地图部分只有大约 50%。那时工作被取消了,因为很明显它不可行。
我可以完全控制 Spark 作业和 Hadoop 作业。我知道我们可以创建一个更大的集群,但我宁愿在确保作业本身得到优化之后才这样做。任何帮助表示赞赏。谢谢。
【问题讨论】:
标签: apache-spark hadoop google-cloud-dataproc