Rails 中的“安装 json (1.8.0) 时出错，Bundler 无法继续”答案

【问题标题】："An error occurred while installing json (1.8.0), and Bundler cannot continue" in RailsRails 中的“安装 json (1.8.0) 时出错，Bundler 无法继续”
【发布时间】：2023-03-06 07:21:01
【问题描述】：

我得到了一个使用 Ruby on Rails 构建的网站。我认为该网站是大约 3 年前建立的。我正在尝试在本地计算机上启动并运行它，但在尝试运行服务器时出现了一些错误。

版本：Ruby 2.4.0p0

Rails 5.1.1

自制 1.2.3

Git 版本 2.11.0

当我运行 rails s 时，我收到此错误：

Could not find proper version of railties (3.2.6) in any of the sources
Run `bundle install` to install missing gems.

当我运行bundle install 时，我得到：

An error occurred while installing json (1.8.0), and Bundler cannot
continue.
Make sure that `gem install json -v '1.8.0'` succeeds before bundling.

我用谷歌搜索了错误并尝试了各种方法，但仍然没有运气。有人说要在 gem 文件中添加 gem 'json', '1.8.0' 但还是不行

这是gemfile

source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails', '3.2.6'

# Bundle edge Rails instead:
# gem 'rails', :git => 'git://github.com/rails/rails.git'

gem 'mysql2', '> 0.3'
gem 'bluecloth'
gem 'simple_form'
gem 'carrierwave'
gem 'rmagick'
gem 'capistrano'
gem 'rvm-capistrano'

# Gems used only for assets and not required
# in production environments by default.
group :assets do
  gem 'sass-rails',   '~> 3.2.3'
  gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 3.2.1'

  # See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
  gem 'therubyracer', :platforms => :ruby

  gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3'
end

gem 'jquery-rails'

# To use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '~> 3.0.0'

# To use Jbuilder templates for JSON
# gem 'jbuilder'

# Use unicorn as the app server
# gem 'unicorn'

# Deploy with Capistrano
# gem 'capistrano'

# To use debugger
# gem 'debugger'

这是因为版本不兼容吗？

Gemfile.lock

GEM
  remote: https://rubygems.org/
  specs:
    actionmailer (3.2.6)
      actionpack (= 3.2.6)
      mail (~> 2.4.4)
    actionpack (3.2.6)
      activemodel (= 3.2.6)
      activesupport (= 3.2.6)
      builder (~> 3.0.0)
      erubis (~> 2.7.0)
      journey (~> 1.0.1)
      rack (~> 1.4.0)
      rack-cache (~> 1.2)
      rack-test (~> 0.6.1)
      sprockets (~> 2.1.3)
    activemodel (3.2.6)
      activesupport (= 3.2.6)
      builder (~> 3.0.0)
    activerecord (3.2.6)
      activemodel (= 3.2.6)
      activesupport (= 3.2.6)
      arel (~> 3.0.2)
      tzinfo (~> 0.3.29)
    activeresource (3.2.6)
      activemodel (= 3.2.6)
      activesupport (= 3.2.6)
    activesupport (3.2.6)
      i18n (~> 0.6)
      multi_json (~> 1.0)
    arel (3.0.2)
    bluecloth (2.2.0)
    builder (3.0.0)
    capistrano (2.12.0)
      highline
      net-scp (>= 1.0.0)
      net-sftp (>= 2.0.0)
      net-ssh (>= 2.0.14)
      net-ssh-gateway (>= 1.1.0)
    carrierwave (0.6.2)
      activemodel (>= 3.2.0)
      activesupport (>= 3.2.0)
    coffee-rails (3.2.2)
      coffee-script (>= 2.2.0)
      railties (~> 3.2.0)
    coffee-script (2.2.0)
      coffee-script-source
      execjs
    coffee-script-source (1.3.3)
    erubis (2.7.0)
    execjs (1.4.0)
      multi_json (~> 1.0)
    highline (1.6.12)
    hike (1.2.1)
    i18n (0.6.0)
    journey (1.0.4)
    jquery-rails (2.0.2)
      railties (>= 3.2.0, < 5.0)
      thor (~> 0.14)
    json (1.7.3)
    libv8 (3.16.14.13)
    mail (2.4.4)
      i18n (>= 0.4.0)
      mime-types (~> 1.16)
      treetop (~> 1.4.8)
    mime-types (1.19)
    multi_json (1.3.6)
    mysql2 (0.3.11)
    net-scp (1.0.4)
      net-ssh (>= 1.99.1)
    net-sftp (2.0.5)
      net-ssh (>= 2.0.9)
    net-ssh (2.5.2)
    net-ssh-gateway (1.1.0)
      net-ssh (>= 1.99.1)
    polyglot (0.3.3)
    rack (1.4.1)
    rack-cache (1.2)
      rack (>= 0.4)
    rack-ssl (1.3.2)
      rack
    rack-test (0.6.1)
      rack (>= 1.0)
    rails (3.2.6)
      actionmailer (= 3.2.6)
      actionpack (= 3.2.6)
      activerecord (= 3.2.6)
      activeresource (= 3.2.6)
      activesupport (= 3.2.6)
      bundler (~> 1.0)
      railties (= 3.2.6)
    railties (3.2.6)
      actionpack (= 3.2.6)
      activesupport (= 3.2.6)
      rack-ssl (~> 1.3.2)
      rake (>= 0.8.7)
      rdoc (~> 3.4)
      thor (>= 0.14.6, < 2.0)
    rake (0.9.2.2)
    rdoc (3.12)
      json (~> 1.4)
    ref (2.0.0)
    rmagick (2.13.1)
    rvm-capistrano (1.4.1)
      capistrano (>= 2.0.0)
    sass (3.1.20)
    sass-rails (3.2.5)
      railties (~> 3.2.0)
      sass (>= 3.1.10)
      tilt (~> 1.3)
    simple_form (2.0.1)
      actionpack (~> 3.0)
      activemodel (~> 3.0)
    sprockets (2.1.3)
      hike (~> 1.2)
      rack (~> 1.0)
      tilt (~> 1.1, != 1.3.0)
    therubyracer (0.12.2)
      libv8 (~> 3.16.14.0)
      ref
    thor (0.15.4)
    tilt (1.3.3)
    treetop (1.4.10)
      polyglot
      polyglot (>= 0.3.1)
    tzinfo (0.3.33)
    uglifier (1.2.6)
      execjs (>= 0.3.0)
      multi_json (~> 1.3)

PLATFORMS
  ruby

DEPENDENCIES
  bluecloth
  capistrano
  carrierwave
  coffee-rails (~> 3.2.1)
  jquery-rails
  mysql2 (> 0.3)
  rails (= 3.2.6)
  rmagick
  rvm-capistrano
  sass-rails (~> 3.2.3)
  simple_form
  therubyracer
  uglifier (>= 1.0.3)

当我运行 gem install json -v '1.8.0' 时，我得到了以下信息（对于与我有同样问题但没有奏效的人，这也得到了很多建议——即使使用 sudo 也是如此）：

ERROR:  Error installing json:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0/gems/json-1.8.0/ext/json/ext/generator
/Users/me/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20170622-61950-1tcycqj.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile

current directory: /Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0/gems/json-1.8.0/ext/json/ext/generator
make "DESTDIR=" clean

current directory: /Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0/gems/json-1.8.0/ext/json/ext/generator
make "DESTDIR="
compiling generator.c
In file included from generator.c:1:
./../fbuffer/fbuffer.h:175:47: error: too few arguments provided to function-like macro invocation
    VALUE result = rb_str_new(FBUFFER_PAIR(fb));
                                              ^
/Users/me/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.4.0/include/ruby-2.4.0/ruby/intern.h:795:9: note: macro 'rb_str_new' defined here
#define rb_str_new(str, len) RB_GNUC_EXTENSION_BLOCK(   \
        ^
In file included from generator.c:1:
./../fbuffer/fbuffer.h:175:11: warning: incompatible pointer to integer conversion initializing 'VALUE' (aka 'unsigned long') with an expression of type 'VALUE (const char *, long)' (aka 'unsigned long (const char *, long)') [-Wint-conversion]
    VALUE result = rb_str_new(FBUFFER_PAIR(fb));
          ^        ~~~~~~~~~~
generator.c:840:25: error: use of undeclared identifier 'rb_cFixnum'
    } else if (klass == rb_cFixnum) {
                        ^
generator.c:842:25: error: use of undeclared identifier 'rb_cBignum'
    } else if (klass == rb_cBignum) {
                        ^
1 warning and 3 errors generated.
make: *** [generator.o] Error 1

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0/gems/json-1.8.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/me/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0/extensions/x86_64-darwin-16/2.4.0/json-1.8.0/gem_make.out

【问题讨论】：

当您尝试gem install json -v '1.8.0' 时会发生什么？您可能需要使用sudo 运行它。
gem install json -v '1.8.0': 返回一个错误，和我用 sudo 运行它一样
您的Gemfile.lock 是什么样的？这将向您展示您现有的 gem 的依赖关系，这可能会阐明问题。
@idm 和你最初遇到的错误一样吗？
@octopushugs 我已将 Gemfile.lock 代码添加到我的问题中。谢谢

标签： ruby-on-rails

【解决方案1】：

快速编辑：看起来我的以下答案可能是错误的：您需要至少 json 的 v2.0 来支持 ruby 2.4，如此处所述： https://github.com/flori/json/issues/303

根据您的 gemfile，您的 rails 版本似乎是 3.2.6。此外，您还有 gem rdoc，它有以下要求：

rdoc (3.12)
  json (~> 1.4)

这会将您的 json gem 版本锁定为 1.4。您要么需要使用旧版本的 json，要么更新 rails 和 rdoc 来处理它。

【讨论】：

gem install json -v '1.8.5 似乎有效 - 谢谢

【解决方案2】：

尝试使用早期版本的 Ruby（通过 RBENV 或 RVM）。我切换到 Ruby 2.1.10 并且错误消失了。

【讨论】：