Bundler 错过了 Mac 上的 gem

Question

我在使用 bundler 加载 gem 时遇到问题。仅在我的 mac 环境中发生。无法通过捆绑程序找到 gem，但是当我通过 gem install #{gem} 全局安装 gem 时，它可以工作。

我想这是特定于环境的东西，但我不确定如何调试它。我在 Ubuntu 机器上安装了相同版本的 ruby​​、ruby-install 和 chruby 和 bundler，但它工作得很好。

到目前为止，我在使用 gems spring-comands-rspec 和 rack-cors 时遇到了这个问题。

损坏的环境（Mac）：

OS: Darwin nb-mjacobus2 16.7.0 Darwin Kernel Version 16.7.0: Thu Jun 15 17:36:27 PDT 2017; root:xnu-3789.70.16~2/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64
Bundler: 1.15.4
ruby-install: 0.6.1
chruby: 0.3.9
ruby: ruby 2.4.1p111 (2017-03-22 revision 58053) [x86_64-darwin16]

暴露错误：

宝石文件

group :development do
  # ...
  gem 'spring-commands-rspec'
  # ...
end

运行测试

./bin/rspec spec/controller/some_controller_spec.rb:8
/$HOME/.rubies/ruby-2.4.1/lib/ruby/2.4.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require': cannot load such file -- spring-commands-rspec (LoadError)
        from /$HOME/.rubies/ruby-2.4.1/lib/ruby/2.4.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /$HOME/.spring.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
        from /$HOME/.rubies/ruby-2.4.1/lib/ruby/2.4.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /$HOME/.rubies/ruby-2.4.1/lib/ruby/2.4.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.4.1/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/commands.rb:29:in `<module:Spring>'
        from /$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.4.1/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/commands.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
        from /$HOME/.rubies/ruby-2.4.1/lib/ruby/2.4.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /$HOME/.rubies/ruby-2.4.1/lib/ruby/2.4.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.4.1/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/server.rb:9:in `<top (required)>'
        from /$HOME/.rubies/ruby-2.4.1/lib/ruby/2.4.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /$HOME/.rubies/ruby-2.4.1/lib/ruby/2.4.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
        from /$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.4.1/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/server.rb:9:in `call'
        from /$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.4.1/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
        from /$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.4.1/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in `run'
        from /$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.4.1/gems/spring-2.0.2/bin/spring:49:in `<main>'

手动安装gem可以解决问题....

gem install spring-commands-rspec
Fetching: spring-commands-rspec-1.0.4.gem (100%)
Successfully installed spring-commands-rspec-1.0.4
Parsing documentation for spring-commands-rspec-1.0.4
Installing ri documentation for spring-commands-rspec-1.0.4
Done installing documentation for spring-commands-rspec after 0 seconds
1 gem installed

...但我收到以下警告：

./bin/rspec spec/pattern_library_controller_spec.rb
WARN: Unresolved specs during Gem::Specification.reset:
      minitest (~> 5.1)
WARN: Clearing out unresolved specs.
Please report a bug if this causes problems.
WARN: Unresolved specs during Gem::Specification.reset:
      minitest (~> 5.1)
WARN: Clearing out unresolved specs.
Please report a bug if this causes problems.
Running via Spring preloader in process 53164
Run options: include {:focus=>true}

All examples were filtered out; ignoring {:focus=>true}

Randomized with seed 5284

SomeController
  should respond with a success status code (2xx)

Finished in 0.13193 seconds (files took 0.66951 seconds to load)
1 example, 0 failures

Randomized with seed 5284

知道可能是什么问题吗？

Answer 1

由于某种原因，gem 安装在 vendor/bundle 内部，但不是全部。删除rm -rf .bundle vendor/bundle && bundle install 做到了。

.bundle/config 的内容是：

---
BUNDLE_WITHOUT: "development:related"

Answer 2

TL;DR;尝试将spring-commands-rspec 移动到Gemfile 中的test 组：

group :development
  # ...
  # ...
end
group :test do
# ...
  gem 'spring-commands-rspec'
end

或者 group :development, :test do 如果您需要 gem 不仅用于测试。

简而言之：有Environment 概念，当您在Rails 中运行某些东西时。加载的宝石也依赖于它，通过Gemfile - Bundler 加载来自相应组的常见宝石和宝石。 默认环境是development，但rspec使用test一个。因此，如果来自组 development 的 gem 也未列在组 test 中，则在运行 rspec ... 时不会加载它们。

更新： 您似乎已将您的应用设置为服务器模式（可能是您从部署脚本获取安装命令）。因为在 staging/production 服务器上部署 Rails 应用程序（即 gem 随应用程序在本地安装）时，具有 .bundle dir 和 vendor/bundle 是很典型的。
但在这种情况下，您的.bundle/config 至少应该包含BUNDLE_PATH：

BUNDLE_FROZEN: "1"
BUNDLE_PATH: "./vendor/bundle"
BUNDLE_WITHOUT: "development:test"
BUNDLE_DISABLE_SHARED_GEMS: "true"