如何从 Docker 容器中的 python 脚本连接到 Ubuntu 上的本地 SQL 服务器

Question

我在 Ubuntu 20.04 中安装了一个 SQL Server（它安装在 VirtualBox 中）和一个带有 python 脚本的 Docker 容器。 我要做的是从这个python脚本连接到主机上运行的SQL服务器。

这是我用来创建镜像的 Dockerfile：

# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1

FROM python:3.8-slim-buster
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y gnupg2 curl
RUN curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add -
RUN curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list

RUN apt-get update
RUN ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install -y msodbcsql17
RUN ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install -y mssql-tools
RUN echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
RUN echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc

RUN apt-get update \
  && apt-get -y install gcc \
  && apt-get -y install g++ \
  && apt-get -y install unixodbc unixodbc-dev \
  && apt-get clean 

RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt

COPY . .

CMD [ "python3", "-m" , "test", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0"]

我知道它看起来很乱，但是我在安装 pyodbc 时遇到了几个问题，看起来所有这些代码都解决了问题。

我现在可以成功创建映像，但是在启动容器时，它会产生以下输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 194, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/app/test.py", line 10, in <module>
    connection = pyodbc.connect(connection_string, autocommit=True)
pyodbc.OperationalError: ('HYT00', '[HYT00] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server]Login timeout expired (0) (SQLDriverConnect)')
['ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server']

连接字符串好像有问题，如下所示：

connection_string = 'Driver={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};Server=tcp:host.docker.internal,1433;UID=SA;PWD=<my_password>'

我已经为此苦苦挣扎了一段时间，但仍然无法使其发挥作用。非常感谢任何帮助或建议！

更新

按照 Pato 的建议，我尝试将连接字符串中的 Server 选项更改为机器的 IP 地址。

ip addr show 给我返回了以下输出：

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:29:e8:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s3
       valid_lft 71149sec preferred_lft 71149sec
    inet6 fe80::2517:652e:ac69:8ec9/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:35:26:ba:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:35ff:fe26:ba86/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

所以，我尝试用127.0.0.1、10.0.2.15 和172.17.0.1 替换host.docker.internal。他们都给了我以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 194, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/app/test.py", line 10, in <module>
    connection = pyodbc.connect(connection_string, autocommit=True)
pyodbc.Error: ('01000', "[01000] [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Can't open lib 'ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server;Server=tcp:172.17.0.1,1433;UID=SA;PWD=<my_password>' : file not found (0) (SQLDriverConnect)")

ifconfig 回复了我这个：

docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        inet6 fe80::42:35ff:fe26:ba86  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 02:42:35:26:ba:86  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 25340  bytes 1240556 (1.2 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 39308  bytes 691001962 (691.0 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

enp0s3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.2.15  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.2.255
        inet6 fe80::2517:652e:ac69:8ec9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 08:00:27:29:e8:b8  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 649701  bytes 946934508 (946.9 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 55603  bytes 7183567 (7.1 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 27675  bytes 49732911 (49.7 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 27675  bytes 49732911 (49.7 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

Answer 1

我正在研究这个连接问题，错误找不到文件是in this post。我试图重新创建你的设置，但我得到了同样的错误。

一个快速的解决方案是将驱动程序更改为 pymssql==2.2.2（在我的 docker 容器中测试）。

pip3 install pymssql==2.2.2

示例如下：

import pymssql

conn = pymssql.connect('host.docker.internal', 'sa', 'yourPassword', "database")

cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("""
IF OBJECT_ID('persons', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE persons
CREATE TABLE persons (
    id INT NOT NULL,
    name VARCHAR(100),
    salesrep VARCHAR(100),
    PRIMARY KEY(id)
)
""")

cursor.executemany(
    "INSERT INTO persons VALUES (%d, %s, %s)",
    [(1, 'John Smith', 'John Doe'),
     (2, 'Jane Doe', 'Joe Dog'),
     (3, 'Mike T.', 'Sarah H.')])

# you must call commit() to persist your data if you don't set autocommit to True
conn.commit()

cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')
row = cursor.fetchone()
while row:
    print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row[0], row[1]))
    row = cursor.fetchone()

conn.close()

# Result
'''
ID=1, Name=John Smith
'''

更新

SQL Server Linux 版本疑难解答

1. 检查 mssql-server.service 是否正在运行。

patricio@server2:~$ sudo systemctl status mssql-server.service
[sudo] password for patricio:
● mssql-server.service - Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-11-10 09:56:38 -03; 2 weeks 4 days ago
     Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux
 Main PID: 14885 (sqlservr)
    Tasks: 164
   CGroup: /system.slice/mssql-server.service
           ├─14885 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
           └─14913 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr

1. 检查端口 1433 或您的默认端口是否打开。

patricio@server2:~$ telnet 127.0.0.1 1433
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.

patricio@server2:~$ nmap 127.0.0.1

Starting Nmap 7.60 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-11-29 08:41 -03
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000085s latency).
Not shown: 994 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
443/tcp  open  https
1433/tcp open  ms-sql-s
// ...

1. 如果没有安装sqlcmd，请安装

patricio@server2:~$ sqlcmd -S 127.0.0.1 -U sa -p
Password:
1> SELECT CONVERT(varchar, SERVERPROPERTY('collation'))
2> GO

------------------------------
SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS

(1 rows affected)

参考资料：

From inside of a Docker container, how do I connect to the localhost of the machine?

Trying to access host.docker.internal results in Connection refused