新线程中的 WebBrowser 控件

Question

我有一个我想要“单击”的列表 Uri 为了实现这一点，我正在尝试为每个 Uri 创建一个新的 Web 浏览器控件。我为每个 Uri 创建一个新线程。我遇到的问题是线程结束在文档完全加载之前，所以我永远无法使用 DocumentComplete 事件。我该如何克服这个问题？

var item = new ParameterizedThreadStart(ClicIt.Click); 
var thread = new Thread(item) {Name = "ClickThread"}; 
thread.Start(uriItem);

public static void Click(object o)
{
    var url = ((UriItem)o);
    Console.WriteLine(@"Clicking: " + url.Link);
    var clicker = new WebBrowser { ScriptErrorsSuppressed = true };
    clicker.DocumentCompleted += BrowseComplete;
    if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(url.Link)) return;
    if (url.Link.Equals("about:blank")) return;
    if (!url.Link.StartsWith("http://") && !url.Link.StartsWith("https://"))
        url.Link = "http://" + url.Link;
    clicker.Navigate(url.Link);
}

Answer 1

您必须创建一个抽出消息循环的 STA 线程。对于像 WebBrowser 这样的 ActiveX 组件来说，这是唯一的好客环境。否则，您将不会收到 DocumentCompleted 事件。一些示例代码：

private void runBrowserThread(Uri url) {
    var th = new Thread(() => {
        var br = new WebBrowser();
        br.DocumentCompleted += browser_DocumentCompleted;
        br.Navigate(url);
        Application.Run();
    });
    th.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
    th.Start();
}

void browser_DocumentCompleted(object sender, WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs e) {
    var br = sender as WebBrowser;
    if (br.Url == e.Url) {
        Console.WriteLine("Natigated to {0}", e.Url);
        Application.ExitThread();   // Stops the thread
    }
}

Answer 2

以下是如何在非 UI 线程上组织消息循环，以运行异步任务，如 WebBrowser 自动化。它使用async/await 提供方便的线性代码流并循环加载一组网页。该代码是部分基于this excellent post 的可立即运行的控制台应用程序。

相关答案：

• https://stackoverflow.com/a/22262976/1768303
• https://stackoverflow.com/a/21775343/1768303

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace ConsoleApplicationWebBrowser
{
    // by Noseratio - https://stackoverflow.com/users/1768303/noseratio
    class Program
    {
        // Entry Point of the console app
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                // download each page and dump the content
                var task = MessageLoopWorker.Run(DoWorkAsync,
                    "http://www.example.com", "http://www.example.net", "http://www.example.org");
                task.Wait();
                Console.WriteLine("DoWorkAsync completed.");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("DoWorkAsync failed: " + ex.Message);
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to exit.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        // navigate WebBrowser to the list of urls in a loop
        static async Task<object> DoWorkAsync(object[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Start working.");

            using (var wb = new WebBrowser())
            {
                wb.ScriptErrorsSuppressed = true;

                TaskCompletionSource<bool> tcs = null;
                WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventHandler documentCompletedHandler = (s, e) =>
                    tcs.TrySetResult(true);

                // navigate to each URL in the list
                foreach (var url in args)
                {
                    tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();
                    wb.DocumentCompleted += documentCompletedHandler;
                    try
                    {
                        wb.Navigate(url.ToString());
                        // await for DocumentCompleted
                        await tcs.Task;
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        wb.DocumentCompleted -= documentCompletedHandler;
                    }
                    // the DOM is ready
                    Console.WriteLine(url.ToString());
                    Console.WriteLine(wb.Document.Body.OuterHtml);
                }
            }

            Console.WriteLine("End working.");
            return null;
        }

    }

    // a helper class to start the message loop and execute an asynchronous task
    public static class MessageLoopWorker
    {
        public static async Task<object> Run(Func<object[], Task<object>> worker, params object[] args)
        {
            var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<object>();

            var thread = new Thread(() =>
            {
                EventHandler idleHandler = null;

                idleHandler = async (s, e) =>
                {
                    // handle Application.Idle just once
                    Application.Idle -= idleHandler;

                    // return to the message loop
                    await Task.Yield();

                    // and continue asynchronously
                    // propogate the result or exception
                    try
                    {
                        var result = await worker(args);
                        tcs.SetResult(result);
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        tcs.SetException(ex);
                    }

                    // signal to exit the message loop
                    // Application.Run will exit at this point
                    Application.ExitThread();
                };

                // handle Application.Idle just once
                // to make sure we're inside the message loop
                // and SynchronizationContext has been correctly installed
                Application.Idle += idleHandler;
                Application.Run();
            });

            // set STA model for the new thread
            thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);

            // start the thread and await for the task
            thread.Start();
            try
            {
                return await tcs.Task;
            }
            finally
            {
                thread.Join();
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 3

根据我过去的经验，网络浏览器不喜欢在主应用程序线程之外运行。

尝试使用 httpwebrequests 代替，您可以将它们设置为异步并为响应创建一个处理程序以知道它何时成功：

how-to-use-httpwebrequest-net-asynchronously

Answer 4

一个简单的解决方案，多个浏览器同时运行

1. 创建一个新的 Windows 窗体应用程序
2. 放置名为 按钮1
3. 放置名为 textBox1 的文本框
4. 设置文本属性 字段：Multiline true 和 ScrollBars Both

5. 写下 button1 点击处理程序：

   textBox1.Clear();
   textBox1.AppendText(DateTime.Now.ToString() + Environment.NewLine);
   int completed_count = 0;
   int count = 10;
   for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
   {
       int tmp = i;
       this.BeginInvoke(new Action(() =>
       {
           var wb = new WebBrowser();
           wb.ScriptErrorsSuppressed = true;
           wb.DocumentCompleted += (cur_sender, cur_e) =>
           {
               var cur_wb = cur_sender as WebBrowser;
               if (cur_wb.Url == cur_e.Url)
               {
                   textBox1.AppendText("Task " + tmp + ", navigated to " + cur_e.Url + Environment.NewLine);
                   completed_count++;
               }
           };
           wb.Navigate("https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4269800/webbrowser-control-in-a-new-thread");
       }
       ));
   }
   
   while (completed_count != count)
   {
       Application.DoEvents();
       Thread.Sleep(10);
   }
   textBox1.AppendText("All completed" + Environment.NewLine);