使用 Swift Decodable 解析任意格式的 JSON 日期

Question

我正在尝试将 JSON 文档中的日期格式化为“mm-dd-yyyy”格式。我有以下数据：

{"data":[{
    "id": 123,
    "url": "https://www.google.com",
    "title": "The Google link",
    "created_at": "2017-08-29T04:00:00.000Z",//date to format
    "sent": true,
    "alternative": "https://google.com",
    "things": [],
    "description": [
        "search",
        "lookup"
    ],
    "company": "Alphabet"
    }]}

这是我的结构：

struct Sitedata: Decodable{
    let data: [site]
}

struct site: Decodable {
    let id: Int
    let url: String
    let title: String
    let created_at: String
    let sent: Bool
    let alternative: String
    let things: [String]
    let description: [String]
    let company: String
}

     let sites = try JSONDecoder().decode(Sitedata.self, from: data)

我尝试了以下方法，但它产生了nil：

func date(dateString: String){
    // var dateString = "14.01.2017T14:54:00"
    let format = "dd.MM.yyyy'T'HH:mm:ss"
    let date = Date()

    print("original String with date:               \(dateString)")
    print("date String() to Date():                 \(dateString.toDate(format: format)!)")
    print("date String() to formated date String(): \(dateString.toDateString(inputFormat: format, outputFormat: "dd MMMM")!)")
    print("format Date():                           \(date.toString(format: "dd MMM HH:mm")!)")
}

extension DateFormatter {

    convenience init (format: String) {
        self.init()
        dateFormat = format
        locale = Locale.current
    }
}

extension String {

    func toDate (format: String) -> Date? {
        return DateFormatter(format: format).date(from: self)
    }

    func toDateString (inputFormat: String, outputFormat:String) -> String? {
        if let date = toDate(format: inputFormat) {
            return DateFormatter(format: outputFormat).string(from: date)
        }
        return nil
    }
}

extension Date {

    func toString (format:String) -> String? {
        return DateFormatter(format: format).string(from: self)
    }
}


How would I be able to parse and then format this date to MM-dd-yyyy?

Answer 1

首先，遵循 Swift 命名约定：UpperCamelCase 用于类名，lowerCamelCase 用于变量名。其次，帮自己一个忙，让created_at 成为Date 字段，就像它显然是一样的。这将为您以后省去很多麻烦。

代码如下：

struct SiteData: Decodable{
    let data: [Site]
}

struct Site: Decodable {
    let id: Int
    let url: String
    let title: String
    let created_at: Date        // changed to Date
    let sent: Bool
    let alternative: String
    let things: [String]
    let description: [String]
    let company: String
}

let formatter = DateFormatter()
formatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ"

let decoder = JSONDecoder()
decoder.dateDecodingStrategy = .formatted(formatter)
let sites = try decoder.decode(SiteData.self, from: json)

现在 created_at 已从 JSON 中解析为正确的 Date，您可以随意格式化它：

let formatter2 = DateFormatter()
formatter2.dateFormat = "MM-dd-yyyy"
print(formatter2.string(from: sites.data[0].created_at))

请注意，DateFormatter 的创建成本非常高，更改其 dateFormat 属性更是如此。如果您必须将大量日期格式化为字符串（反之亦然），只需创建一次日期格式化程序并继续重复使用它们。