使用 python avro 库时的读写模式

Question

如果它们匹配，avro 规范允许使用不同的写入和读取模式。该规范进一步允许别名来满足读写模式之间的差异。下面的 python 2.7 试图说明这一点。

import uuid
import avro.schema
import json
from avro.datafile import DataFileReader, DataFileWriter
from avro.io import DatumReader, DatumWriter


write_schema = {
    "namespace": "example.avro",
    "type": "record",
    "name": "User",
    "fields": [
         {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
         {"name": "favorite_number", "type": ["int", "null"]},
         {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
     ]
}
writer = DataFileWriter(open("users.avro", "wb"), DatumWriter(write_schema))
writer.append({"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256})
writer.append({"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"})
writer.close()

read_schema = {
    "namespace": "example.avro",
    "type": "record",
    "name": "User",
    "fields": [
        {"name": "first_name", "type": "string", "aliases": ["name"]},
        {"name": "favorite_number", "type": ["int", "null"]},
        {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
    ]
}

# 1. open avro and extract passport + data
reader = DataFileReader(open("users.avro", "rb"), DatumReader(write_schema, read_schema))
reader.close()

此代码有以下错误信息：

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7 /Users/simonshapiro/python_beam/src/avrov_test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/simonshapiro/python_beam/src/avrov_test.py", line 67, in <module>
    writer.append({"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256})
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/avro/datafile.py", line 196, in append
    self.datum_writer.write(datum, self.buffer_encoder)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/avro/io.py", line 768, in write
    if not validate(self.writers_schema, datum):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/avro/io.py", line 103, in validate
    schema_type = expected_schema.type
AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'type'

Process finished with exit code 1

当它在没有不同架构的情况下使用此行运行时

reader = DataFileReader(open("users.avro", "rb"), DatumReader())

效果很好。

Answer 1

经过更多工作后，我发现架构设置不正确。此代码按预期工作：

import uuid
import avro.schema
import json
from avro.datafile import DataFileReader, DataFileWriter
from avro.io import DatumReader, DatumWriter


write_schema = avro.schema.parse(json.dumps({
    "namespace": "example.avro",
    "type": "record",
    "name": "User",
    "fields": [
         {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
         {"name": "favorite_number", "type": ["int", "null"]},
         {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
     ]
}))

writer = DataFileWriter(open("users.avro", "wb"), DatumWriter(), write_schema)
writer.append({"name": "Alyssa", "favorite_number": 256})
writer.append({"name": "Ben", "favorite_number": 7, "favorite_color": "red"})
writer.close()

read_schema = avro.schema.parse(json.dumps({
    "namespace": "example.avro",
    "type": "record",
    "name": "User",
    "fields": [
        {"name": "first_name", "type": "string", "default": "", "aliases": ["name"]},
        {"name": "favorite_number", "type": ["int", "null"]},
        {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
    ]
}))

# 1. open avro and extract passport + data
reader = DataFileReader(open("users.avro", "rb"), DatumReader(write_schema, read_schema))
new_schema = reader.get_meta("avro.schema")
users = []
for user in reader:
    users.append(user)
reader.close()