SQL：如何声明一个集合中的任何元素都不能出现在另一个集合中？

Question

假设我有这个数据库方案：

我在这个问题上纠结了一个多小时： "选择播放列表中未使用任何曲目的所有专辑"。

我想做这样的事情：

SELECT parentalbum.albumid FROM album AS parentalbum 
  INNER JOIN track 
    ON track.albumid = parentalbum.albumid 
  INNER JOIN playlistitem
    ON track.trackid = playlistitem.trackid            // Join the 3 tables
  WHERE NOT ((SELECT track.trackid FROM album 
                INNER JOIN track
                  ON album.albumid = track.albumid
                WHERE track.albumid = parentalbum.albumid ) // Select songs from one album
            IN playlistitem.trackid   )                   // Check if at least one element of the album is in a playlist? (faulty)

我的查询可能完全错误，因此我将不胜感激。

编辑：我忘了提，我被要求使用相关子查询来解决这个问题。谢谢！

Answer 1

NOT EXISTS() 是答案：

SELECT *        -- Select all albums
FROM album a
WHERE NOT EXISTS (      -- of which no track
    SELECT * FROM track t
    WHERE t.albumid = a.albumid
    AND EXISTS (
        SELECT * FROM playlistitem pi   -- has been used in a playlist
        WHERE pi.trackid = t.trackid    
        )
    )
        ;

---

更简单：

SELECT *        -- Select all albums
FROM album a    
WHERE NOT EXISTS (      -- of which no track
        SELECT * 
        FROM track t    -- has been used in a playlist
        JOIN playlistitem pi ON t.trackid = pi.trackid
        WHERE t.albumid = a.albumid 
        )
        ;

Answer 2

使用left join 松散地连接表。然后按专辑分组，只取playlistitem 表中曲目为零的那些

select a.id, a.title
from album a
left join track t on t.albumid = a.albumid
left join playlistitem pi on pi.trackid = t.trackid
group by a.id, a.title
having sum(case when pi.trackid is not null then 1 else 0 end) = 0

Answer 3

使用相关子查询但不使用NOT EXISTS 的替代版本，只是因为...

Select a.*
  From Album As a
  Where 0 = (
    Select Count(*)
      From PlaylistItem As pi
      Join Track As t on pi.TrackID = t.TrackID
      Where t.AlbumID = a.AlbumID);

Answer 4

首先创建一个子查询，该子查询有一个内部连接，将所有在 track 和 playlistitem 中连接的结果连接在一起。然后检查albuid 是否不在该列表中。我使用 distinct 仅获取子查询中的唯一值。

SELECT a.albumid
FROM album a
WHERE a.albumid NOT IN 
(  SELECT DISTINCT t.albumid
   FROM track t
   INNER JOIN playlistitem p
   ON p.trackid = t.trackid
)