Windows 上 Chocolatey 下的 Ruby 和 Ruby Dev

Question

我在 windows 10 上的巧克力存储库中安装了 ruby​​ 2.3.1 ruby​​.devkit 4.5.2.20120101

然后我修改了 conf.yml 并运行：

PS C:\tools\DevKit> ruby dk.rb install --force
[WARN] Updating (with backup) existing gem override for 'C:/tools/ruby23'
[WARN] Updating (with backup) DevKit helper library for 'C:/tools/ruby23'

在我看来一切正常，但是当我尝试更新 gem 时，其中一些显示以下错误：

PS C:\tools\DevKit> gem update
Updating installed gems
Updating bigdecimal
Temporarily enhancing PATH to include DevKit...
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing bigdecimal:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/bigdecimal-1.3.0/ext/bigdecimal
C:/tools/ruby23/bin/ruby.exe -r ./siteconf20170106-4004-rogg3v.rb extconf.rb
checking for labs() in stdlib.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=C:/tools/ruby23/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:541:in `try_link0'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:556:in `try_link'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:765:in `try_func'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:1051:in `block in have_func'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:942:in `block in checking_for'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in postpone'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:320:in `open'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:350:in `block in postpone'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:320:in `open'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:346:in `postpone'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:941:in `checking_for'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:1050:in `have_func'
        from extconf.rb:6:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.3.0/bigdecimal-1.3.0/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/bigdecimal-1.3.0 for inspection.
Results logged to C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.3.0/bigdecimal-1.3.0/gem_make.out
Updating did_you_mean
ERROR:  Error installing did_you_mean:
        did_you_mean requires Ruby version >= 2.4.0dev.
Updating io-console
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing io-console:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/io-console-0.4.6
C:/tools/ruby23/bin/ruby.exe -r ./siteconf20170106-4004-impy5k.rb extconf.rb
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=C:/tools/ruby23/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `block in try_compile'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:524:in `with_werror'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `try_compile'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:835:in `macro_defined?'
        from extconf.rb:7:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.3.0/io-console-0.4.6/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/io-console-0.4.6 for inspection.
Results logged to C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.3.0/io-console-0.4.6/gem_make.out
Updating json
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing json:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/json-2.0.2/ext/json/ext/generator
C:/tools/ruby23/bin/ruby.exe -r ./siteconf20170106-4004-dmzeq3.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile

current directory: C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/json-2.0.2/ext/json/ext/generator
make "DESTDIR=" clean

current directory: C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/json-2.0.2/ext/json/ext/generator
make "DESTDIR="
generating generator-x64-mingw32.def
compiling generator.c
make: x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc: Command not found
make: *** [generator.o] Error 127

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/json-2.0.2 for inspection.
Results logged to C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.3.0/json-2.0.2/gem_make.out
Updating psych
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing psych:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/psych-2.2.2/ext/psych
C:/tools/ruby23/bin/ruby.exe -r ./siteconf20170106-4004-1rx9fhh.rb extconf.rb
checking for yaml.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=C:/tools/ruby23/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
        --with-libyaml-dir
        --without-libyaml-dir
        --with-libyaml-include
        --without-libyaml-include=${libyaml-dir}/include
        --with-libyaml-lib
        --without-libyaml-lib=${libyaml-dir}/lib
        --enable-bundled-libyaml
        --disable-bundled-libyaml
C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:587:in `try_cpp'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:1144:in `block in find_header'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:942:in `block in checking_for'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in postpone'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:320:in `open'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:350:in `block in postpone'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:320:in `open'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:346:in `postpone'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:941:in `checking_for'
        from C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:1143:in `find_header'
        from extconf.rb:10:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.3.0/psych-2.2.2/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/psych-2.2.2 for inspection.
Results logged to C:/tools/ruby23/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.3.0/psych-2.2.2/gem_make.out
Gems updated: bigdecimal did_you_mean io-console json psych

我真的不明白发生了什么，有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

tl;dr - 你应该安装 ruby2.devkit。

在https://stackoverflow.com/a/41511890/18475 的回答中，它说 ruby​​.devkit 包已过时。不是，它只是适用于不同的 Ruby。

不正确的包

你可能错过了https://chocolatey.org/packages/ruby.devkit：

相对于 Ruby v2 DevKit (https://chocolatey.org/packages/ruby2.devkit)：

您安装了错误的软件包 - https://chocolatey.org/packages/ruby2.devkit 是您要查找的软件包。

编译器已更改为 Ruby v2+ for Ruby on Windows，这意味着您需要使用正确的编译器。该 DevKit 位于 ruby2.devkit 包中。

别忘了刷新你的环境

如果您使用的是 Chocolatey，您会得到 refreshenv 作为命令，您可以在 cmd.exe 或 powershell.exe 中调用（使用 PowerShell，请确保您的配置文件中有制表符补全，以便正确的 refreshenv 可用)。

否则，您将需要关闭并重新打开您的 shell 以使更新的 PATH 发生。

更多详情

前往http://rubyinstaller.org/downloads/：

Ruby 带来更多乐趣

这里有一个完整的 Ruby 堆栈设置的要点：https://gist.github.com/ferventcoder/947479688d930e28d632

它有点过时了，所以这里是一个更新（PowerShell）：

# https://github.com/chocolatey/choco/wiki/CommandsReference#how-to-pass-options--switches 
# Powershell specific argument passing
# You must be on the latest beta of chocolatey for this to work properly (redownload files)

choco upgrade chocolatey -y

$originalPath = $env:PATH

choco install ruby --version 2.1.8 -my -x86 --install-arguments '/verysilent /dir=""c:\tools\ruby21"" /tasks=""assocfiles""' --override-arguments
choco install ruby --version 2.1.8 -fmy --install-arguments '/verysilent /dir=""c:\tools\ruby21-x64"" /tasks=""assocfiles""' --override-arguments
choco install ruby --version 2.3.1 -my -x86 --install-arguments '/verysilent /dir=""c:\tools\ruby23"" /tasks=""assocfiles""' --override-arguments
choco install ruby --version 2.3.1 -fmy --install-arguments '/verysilent /dir=""c:\tools\ruby23-x64"" /tasks=""assocfiles,modpath""' --override-arguments

Write-Output "Attempting Good DevKit2 Installations"
# DevKit for Ruby 2.x x64
$env:PATH=$originalPath
choco install ruby2.devkit -y 
Move-Item c:\tools\DevKit2 C:\tools\DevKit2-x64 -Force -EA Continue

# DevKit for Ruby 2.x x86
choco install ruby2.devkit -y -x86 -f

Write-Output "Fixing DevKit Installations"

@"
---
- c:/tools/ruby21
- c:/tools/ruby23
"@ | Out-File c:\tools\DevKit2\config.yml -Force -Encoding UTF8
pushd c:\tools\DevKit2
ruby dk.rb install -f
popd

@"
---
- c:/tools/ruby21-x64
- c:/tools/ruby23-x64
"@ | Out-File c:\tools\DevKit2-x64\config.yml -Force -Encoding UTF8
pushd c:\tools\DevKit2-x64
ruby dk.rb install -f
popd

choco install pik -y

cmd /c C:\tools\pik\pik.bat add c:\tools\ruby21\bin
cmd /c C:\tools\pik\pik.bat add c:\tools\ruby21-x64\bin
cmd /c C:\tools\pik\pik.bat add c:\tools\ruby23\bin
cmd /c C:\tools\pik\pik.bat add c:\tools\ruby23-x64\bin

Answer 2

错误消息中的重要部分是：

编译器未能生成可执行文件。 （运行时错误） 您必须先安装开发工具。

为了安装已编译的 gem，您需要安装编译器。对于 Windows，您可以安装 Ruby DeveloperKit。

虽然您显然已经安装了它，但它似乎无法被识别。这可能有多种原因之一，最常见的是 devkit 与您的 ruby​​ 版本不匹配或%PATH 存在问题。