用另一个文件中指定的值替换字段

Question

我有一个文件，其中包含单词之间的映射。我必须引用该文件并将这些单词替换为某些文件中的映射单词。例如，下面的文件具有映射的单词表，如

1.12.2.4               1
1.12.2.7               12
1.12.2.2               5
1.12.2.4               4
1.12.2.6               67
1.12.2.12              5

我会有很多文件包含这些关键词 (1.12.2.*)。我想搜索这些关键词并将这些词替换为从此文件中获取的相应映射。如何在 shell 中执行此操作。假设一个文件包含以下几行说

The Id of the customer is 1.12.2.12. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB
The id is 1.12.2.4. He is from Psg.

执行脚本后，数字“1.12.2.12”和“1.12.2.4”应替换为5和4（参考主文件）。谁能帮帮我？

Answer 1

您可以让sed 为您编写一个sed 脚本：

映射：

cat << EOF > mappings
1.12.2.4               1
1.12.2.7               12
1.12.2.2               5
1.12.2.4               4
1.12.2.6               67
1.12.2.12              5
EOF

输入文件：

cat << EOF > infile
The Id of the customer is 1.12.2.12. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB
The id is 1.12.2.4. He is from Psg.
EOF

根据映射生成脚本（GNU sed）：

sed -r -e 's:([^ ]*) +(.*):s/\\b\1\\b/\2/g:' mappings

输出：

s/\b1.12.2.4\b/1/g
s/\b1.12.2.7\b/12/g
s/\b1.12.2.2\b/5/g
s/\b1.12.2.4\b/4/g
s/\b1.12.2.6\b/67/g
s/\b1.12.2.12\b/5/g

与另一个 sed (GNU sed) 一起评估：

sed -r -e 's:([^ ]*) +(.*):s/\\b\1\\b/\2/g:' mappings | sed -f - infile

输出：

The Id of the customer is 5. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB
The id is 1. He is from Psg.

请注意，映射被视为正则表达式，例如点 (.) 可以表示任何字符，并且可能需要在映射文件中或在生成 sed 脚本时进行转义。

Answer 2

一种使用GNU awk的方式：

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub(i, array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt

结果：

The Id of the customer is 5. He is from Grg.
The Name of the machine is ASB
The id is 4. He is from Psg.

将输出保存到文件：

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub(i, array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt > name_of_your_output_file.txt

说明：

FNR==NR { ... }   # FNR is the current record number, NR is the record number
                  # so FNR==NR simply means: "while we process the first file listed
                  # in this case it's "master.txt"
array[$1]=$2      # add column 1 to an array with a value of column 2
next              # go onto the next record

{                 # this could be written as: FNR!=NR
                  # so this means "while we process the second file listed..."
for (i in array)  # means "for every element/key in the array..."
gsub(i, array[i]) # perform a global substitution on each line replacing the key
                  # with it's value if found
}1                # this is shorthand for 'print'

添加单词边界使匹配更加严格：

awk 'FNR==NR { array[$1]=$2; next } { for (i in array) gsub("\\<"i"\\>", array[i]) }1' master.txt file.txt

Answer 3

由于您没有提供任何示例，我想这就是您想要的：

输入文件

> cat temp
1.12.2.4  1
1.12.2.7  12
1.12.2.2  5
1.12.2.4  4
1.12.2.6  67
1.12.2.12  5

要替换的文件

> cat temp2
The Id of the customer is 1.12.2.12. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB
The id is 1.12.2.4. He is from Psg.

输出

> temp.pl
The Id of the customer is 5. He is from Grg. 
The Name of the machine is ASB
The id is 4. He is from Psg

>

下面是 perl 脚本。

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

my %hsh=();

open (MYFILE, 'temp');
open (MYFILE2, 'temp2');

while (<MYFILE>) {
my@arr = split/\s+/;
$hsh{$arr[0]} = $arr[1];
}
my $flag;
while(<MYFILE2>)
{
$flag=0;
my $line=$_;
foreach my $key (keys %hsh)
{
   if($line=~/$key/)
   {
    $flag=1; 
    $line=~s/$key/$hsh{$key}/g;
    print $line;
   }
}
  if($flag!=1)
  {
  print $line;
  $flag=0;
  }
}
close(MYFILE);
close(MYFILE2);