即使我的类路径中有 JUnit jar，Tomcat 也找不到“org.junit.Assert”

【问题标题】：Tomcat doesn't find "org.junit.Assert" even though I have JUnit jars in my classpath即使我的类路径中有 JUnit jar，Tomcat 也找不到“org.junit.Assert”
【发布时间】：2016-07-02 03:55:45
【问题描述】：

我遇到了一个问题，我已经看了很多遍，但仍然没有找到解决方案。我有一个测试用例，执行时会向控制台发送一条消息。但即使使用 JUnit jars，它也会说我的项目中没有 jars。

我在 Eclipse 上使用 Spring MVC 配置了一个 Maven 项目，并且我已经使用向导手动将 JUnit jar 添加到类路径中。我还将依赖项放在pom.xml 中。

在 Maven 依赖项中，我有另一个 Junit jar，版本 3.8.1。我认为向导（版本4）添加的jar和依赖项中的jar之间会发生冲突。但事实并非如此。

我已经尝试将版本 4 放在依赖项上，已经尝试仅使用向导添加的 jar，或者仅使用依赖项中的一个，但没有任何效果。

我还有另一个项目，虽然它是一个小项目，但测试用例在它上面工作。小项目没有 Spring，但它是一个 Maven 项目，并且与我在较大项目中的 JUnit jars 完全相同。

当我尝试执行测试用例时，控制台上显示此错误：

SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [mvc-dispatcher] in context with path [/javaliproject] threw exception [Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/Assert] with root cause
        java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.Assert
            at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1333)
            at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1167)
            at br.ufc.quixada.javaliproject.evaluationservice.teste.test(teste.java:17)
            at br.ufc.quixada.javaliproject.controller.RunnerController.run(RunnerController.java:30)
            at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
            at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
            at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
            at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:214)
            at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:132)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:104)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandleMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:749)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:690)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:83)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:945)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:876)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:961)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:852)
            at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622)
            at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:837)
            at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:291)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:77)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:108)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
            at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:88)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:108)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330)
            at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.invoke(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:118)
            at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.doFilter(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:84)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
            at org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter(ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:113)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
            at org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter.doFilter(SessionManagementFilter.java:103)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
            at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.java:113)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
            at org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.java:154)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
            at org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter.doFilter(RequestCacheAwareFilter.java:45)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
            at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.www.BasicAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(BasicAuthenticationFilter.java:150)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
            at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.doFilter(AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:199)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
            at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:110)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
            at org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.doFilterInternal(WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.java:50)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:108)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
            at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:87)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilterInternal(FilterChainProxy.java:192)
            at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:160)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:344)
            at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:261)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106)
            at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141)
            at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
            at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88)
            at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:518)
            at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1096)
            at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:674)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1500)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1456)
            at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
            at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
            at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

有人知道我该如何解决这个问题吗？ 我试图运行的测试用例是这样的：

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import org.junit.Test;

public class Runner {
    @Test
    public static String runClass() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IOException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {

        int expected = 9;
        int obtained = 10;

        String assertionError = null;
        try {
            assertEquals(expected, obtained);
            System.out.println("This method is correct!");
        }
        catch (AssertionError ae) {
            assertionError = ae.toString();
            System.out.println(assertionError);
        }
        return "Executed!"; 
    }
}

这里是 pom.xml：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>javali</groupId>
  <artifactId>javaliproject</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <build>
        <finalName>javaliproject</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <properties>

        <!-- Generic properties -->
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

        <!-- Java EE / Java SE dependencies -->

        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
        <javax.activation.version>1.1.1</javax.activation.version>
        <javax.servlet.version>3.0-alpha-1</javax.servlet.version>
        <javaee.web.api.version>6.0</javaee.web.api.version>
        <java.validation.version>1.1.0.Final</java.validation.version>
        <javax.inject.version>1</javax.inject.version>

        <!-- Spring -->
        <spring.version>4.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>

        <!-- Hibernate / JPA -->
        <hibernate.version>4.3.1.Final</hibernate.version>
        <hibernate.validator.version>5.1.0.Final</hibernate.validator.version>

        <!-- Database access -->
        <postgresql.version>9.4-1204-jdbc42</postgresql.version>

        <!-- Spring Security -->
        <spring.security.version>3.2.1.RELEASE</spring.security.version>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>


        <!-- Java EE / Java SE dependencies -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>${javax.servlet.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>${jstl.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
            <version>${javax.inject.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
            <version>${java.validation.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- SPRING -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>



        <!-- Spring Security -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- HIBERNATE -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.validator.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Databases - Uses POSTGRESQL by default -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <version>${postgresql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Commons File Upload -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>



        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


         <dependency>
    <groupId>org.xeustechnologies</groupId>
    <artifactId>jcl-core</artifactId> 
    <version>2.7</version>
  </dependency>


    </dependencies>



</project>

【问题讨论】：

  • 你到底想做什么。堆栈跟踪表明您似乎希望在生产、部署的代码中使用 JUnit，而不是在单元测试中。并且发布的代码显示您正在尝试将 Test 注释应用于静态方法，返回一个字符串，这根本不是您定义测试的方式。最后，您似乎正在使用 Maven，但同时您正在摆弄 eclipse 类路径，尽管类路径应该是 pom 文件的责任。这一切都没有多大意义。你想做什么？
  • @JBNizet 这是使用教授开发的测试用例评估编程作业。它将从教授那里加载测试用例类并将其放入目录中，当学生提交代码时，我的应用程序将在其上使用教授的测试用例。但是我想从测试用例中获取消息来存储，所以这就是我在测试中使用字符串的原因。我展示的这个类只是一个例子，因为我什至无法加载一个简单的测试用例。我在没有弹簧的类似项目中有相同的课程并且它正在工作。我不明白这个问题。

标签： java maven testing junit classnotfoundexception


【解决方案1】：

您的 pom 列出了 JUnit 3.81，但该版本的 JUnit 没有 org.junit.Assert。您可以使用最新版本的 JUnit，但请注意最近在 JUnit 中进行了一些不向后兼容的更改，因此您可能想询问测试作者使用的版本。

编辑： 此外，您的 pom.xml 列出了范围为“test”的 JUnit（即，仅作为您的测试的依赖项），这对于大多数项目来说是正确的，但您的项目想要在生产代码中使用 JUnit，所以将其更改为非测试依赖项。

正如 Nizet 所说，示例测试不是有效测试。

【讨论】：

  • 对不起，“你可以雾最近的”是什么意思？
  • @AraújoFilho 对不起，错字。您可以使用最新版本（现在是 4.12）
  • 哦，好的。谢谢。好吧，我已经试过了，放 4.12 版。但它仍然不能以这种方式工作。正如我所说，我同时拥有它们：构建路径中 4.12 版的 junit.jar，由向导添加，junit.jar 3.8 由 pom 添加。已经尝试只使用向导添加的那个，也尝试只使用 pom 之一，我试图删除所有这些并在我的 pom 中只放入 4.12，所有这些方法都不起作用。这真的很奇怪
  • @AraújoFilho 不要添加多个版本的 JUnit；这会导致问题。您将 JUnit 作为范围“测试”，这可能就是即使您仅列出 4.12 也无法正常工作的原因。我更新了我的答案
  • 非常感谢！我更改了版本并删除了 ，现在它可以按我想要的方式工作了。
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