具有可选属性的 JSON-LD 框架？

Question

如何在 JSON-LD 上下文中将某些属性定义为“可选”？

我创建了问题的简单示例。这是相同的example in JSON-LD Playground。这是示例数据：

{
  "@context": {
    "ex": "http://example.org/ex#",
    "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
    "frapo": "http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/",
    "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
  },
  "@graph": [
    {
      "@id": "ex:Organization_1",
      "@type": "foaf:Organisation",
      "foaf:member": [
        {
          "@id": "ex:Person_1"
        },
        {
          "@id": "ex:Person_2"
        }
      ],
      "frapo:funds": [
        {
          "@id": "ex:Project_1"
        },
        {
          "@id": "ex:Project_2"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "ex:Person_2",
      "@type": "foaf:Person",
      "foaf:currentProject": {
        "@id": "ex:Project_2"
      },
      "foaf:name": "Jack"
    },
    {
      "@id": "ex:Project_2",
      "@type": "foaf:Project",
      "foaf:name": "Small project 2"
    },
    {
      "@id": "ex:Project_1",
      "@type": "foaf:Project",
      "foaf:name": "Big project 1"
    },
    {
      "@id": "ex:Person_1",
      "@type": "foaf:Person",
      "foaf:name": "Bill",
      "foaf:pastProject": [
        {
          "@id": "ex:Project_1"
        },
        {
          "@id": "ex:Project_2"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

我希望Organization为主节点，如：

foaf:组织

• 成员：[{Person}, {Person}]

• 资金：[{Project}, {Project}]

为了创建这样的结构，我创建了框架：

{
 "@context": {
  "ex": "http://example.org/ex#",
  "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
  "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#",
  "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
  "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
  "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
  "frapo": "http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/"
},
"@type": "foaf:Organisation",
"foaf:member": {
"foaf:currentProject": {
  "@embed": false
},
"foaf:pastProject": {
  "@embed": false
 }
},
"frapo:funds": {}
}

现在的问题是 foaf:member 原来是“null”，如果你删除那些项目关系，项目就会嵌入到 Person 实例中。

Answer 1

用这个框架试试吧：

{
    "@context": {
        "ex": "http://example.org/ex#",
        "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
        "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#",
        "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
        "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
        "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
        "frapo": "http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/"
    },
    "@type": "foaf:Organisation",
    "foaf:member": {
        "foaf:currentProject": {
            "@default": [],
            "@embed": false
        },
        "foaf:pastProject": {
            "@default": [],
            "@embed": false
        }
    },
    "frapo:funds": {}
}