【发布时间】:2018-01-02 23:41:24
【问题描述】:
我发现了很多关于使用 openCV 等在图像中查找“事物”的问题。在 Python 中,但到目前为止,我一直无法将它们拼凑在一起,以便为我的问题提供可靠的解决方案。
我正在尝试使用计算机视觉来帮助计算微小的表面贴装电子零件。我的想法是把零件倒在一张纯色纸上,拍张照片,然后让软件告诉我里面有多少物品。
“事物”因一张图片而异,但在任何一张图片中总是相同的。我似乎能够手动调整特定部分的色相/饱和度等参数,但每次更改为新部分时往往需要调整。
我当前的半功能代码发布在下面:
import imutils
import numpy
import cv2
import sys
def part_area(contours, round=10):
"""Finds the mode of the contour area. The idea is that most of the parts in an image will be separated and that
finding the most common area in the list of areas should provide a reasonable value to approximate by. The areas
are rounded to the nearest multiple of 200 to reduce the list of options."""
# Start with a list of all of the areas for the provided contours.
areas = [cv2.contourArea(contour) for contour in contours]
# Determine a threshold for the minimum amount of area as 1% of the overall range.
threshold = (max(areas) - min(areas)) / 100
# Trim the list of areas down to only those that exceed the threshold.
thresholded = [area for area in areas if area > threshold]
# Round the areas to the nearest value set by the round argument.
rounded = [int((area + (round / 2)) / round) * round for area in thresholded]
# Remove any areas that rounded down to zero.
cleaned = [area for area in rounded if area != 0]
# Count the areas with the same values.
counts = {}
for area in cleaned:
if area not in counts:
counts[area] = 0
counts[area] += 1
# Reduce the areas down to only those that are in groups of three or more with the same area.
above = []
for area, count in counts.iteritems():
if count > 2:
for _ in range(count):
above.append(area)
# Take the mean of the areas as the average part size.
average = sum(above) / len(above)
return average
def find_hue_mode(hsv):
"""Given an HSV image as an input, compute the mode of the list of hue values to find the most common hue in the
image. This is used to determine the center for the background color filter."""
pixels = {}
for row in hsv:
for pixel in row:
hue = pixel[0]
if hue not in pixels:
pixels[hue] = 0
pixels[hue] += 1
counts = sorted(pixels.keys(), key=lambda key: pixels[key], reverse=True)
return counts[0]
if __name__ == "__main__":
# load the image and resize it to a smaller factor so that the shapes can be approximated better
image = cv2.imread(sys.argv[1])
# define range of blue color in HSV
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
center = find_hue_mode(hsv)
print 'Center Hue:', center
lower = numpy.array([center - 10, 50, 50])
upper = numpy.array([center + 10, 255, 255])
# Threshold the HSV image to get only blue colors
mask = cv2.inRange(hsv, lower, upper)
inverted = cv2.bitwise_not(mask)
blurred = cv2.GaussianBlur(inverted, (5, 5), 0)
edged = cv2.Canny(blurred, 50, 100)
dilated = cv2.dilate(edged, None, iterations=1)
eroded = cv2.erode(dilated, None, iterations=1)
# find contours in the thresholded image and initialize the shape detector
contours = cv2.findContours(eroded.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
contours = contours[0] if imutils.is_cv2() else contours[1]
# Compute the area for a single part to use when setting the threshold and calculating the number of parts within
# a contour area.
part_area = part_area(contours)
# The threshold for a part's area - can't be too much smaller than the part itself.
threshold = part_area * 0.5
part_count = 0
for contour in contours:
if cv2.contourArea(contour) < threshold:
continue
# Sometimes parts are close enough together that they become one in the image. To battle this, the total area
# of the contour is divided by the area of a part (derived earlier).
part_count += int((cv2.contourArea(contour) / part_area) + 0.1) # this 0.1 "rounds up" slightly and was determined empirically
# Draw an approximate contour around each detected part to give the user an idea of what the tool has computed.
epsilon = 0.1 * cv2.arcLength(contour, True)
approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(contour, epsilon, True)
cv2.drawContours(image, [approx], -1, (0, 255, 0), 2)
# Print the part count and show off the processed image.
print 'Part Count:', part_count
cv2.imshow("Image", image)
cv2.waitKey(0)
结果清楚地表明,脚本在识别某些部分时遇到了问题,而真正的阿喀琉斯之踵似乎是部分相互接触。
所以我的问题/挑战是,我能做些什么来提高这个脚本的可靠性?
该脚本将被集成到现有的 Python 工具中,因此我正在寻找使用 Python 的解决方案。该解决方案不需要必须是纯 Python,因为我愿意安装可能需要的任何 3rd 方库。
【问题讨论】:
标签: python opencv computer-vision