【发布时间】：2019-10-25 15:54:06
【问题描述】：
我使用带有 CMake 的 TensorFlow 在 C++ 中创建了一个测试项目。但我有一个错误：
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
我想，我的 CMake 文件中有错误。当我尝试使用gcc tensortest.cpp -ltensorflow -o tf 通过终端进行编译时，一切正常。
我有两个 CMake 文件。
查找TensorFlow.cmake：
# Locates the tensorFlow library and include directories.
include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
unset(TENSORFLOW_FOUND)
find_path(TensorFlow_INCLUDE_DIR
NAMES
tensorflow
HINTS
/usr/local/include/tensorflow)
find_library(TensorFlow_LIBRARY
NAMES
libtensorflow_framework.1.14.0.dylib
libtensorflow_framework.1.dylib
libtensorflow_framework.dylib
libtensorflow.1.14.0.dylib
libtensorflow.1.dylib
libtensorflow.dylib
HINTS
/usr/local/lib)
# set TensorFlow_FOUND
find_package_handle_standard_args(TensorFlow DEFAULT_MSG TensorFlow_INCLUDE_DIR TensorFlow_LIBRARY)
# set external variables for usage in CMakeLists.txt
if(TENSORFLOW_FOUND)
set(TensorFlow_LIBRARIES ${TensorFlow_LIBRARY})
set(TensorFlow_INCLUDE_DIRS ${TensorFlow_INCLUDE_DIR})
endif()
# hide locals from GUI
mark_as_advanced(TensorFlow_INCLUDE_DIR TensorFlow_LIBRARY)
CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
project(TensorFlowTest)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/")
find_package(TensorFlow REQUIRED)
include_directories(${TensorFlow_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${TensorFlow_LIBRARIES})
add_executable(TensorFlowTest main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(TensorFlowTest ${TensorFlow_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${TensorFlow_LIBRARIES})
还有一个 main.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tensorflow/c/c_api.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello from TensorFlow C library version %s\n", TF_Version());
return 0;
}
重新加载项目时，我有一条 CMake 消息：
-- Found TensorFlow: /usr/local/include
-- Configuring done
WARNING: Target "TensorFlowTest" requests linking to directory "/usr/local/include". Targets may link only to libraries. CMake is dropping the item.
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/neikr/CLionProjects/TensorFlowTest/cmake-build-debug
编译时：
Scanning dependencies of target TensorFlowTest
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/TensorFlowTest.dir/main.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable TensorFlowTest
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_TF_Version", referenced from:
_main in main.cpp.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[3]: *** [TensorFlowTest] Error 1
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/TensorFlowTest.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/TensorFlowTest.dir/rule] Error 2
make: *** [TensorFlowTest] Error 2
更新
我用VERBOSE=1 尝试了make，我得到了这个输出：
/Applications/CLion.app/Contents/bin/cmake/mac/bin/cmake -S/Users/neikr/CLionProjects/TensorFlowTest -B/Users/neikr/CLionProjects/TensorFlowTest --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
/Applications/CLion.app/Contents/bin/cmake/mac/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /Users/neikr/CLionProjects/TensorFlowTest/CMakeFiles /Users/neikr/CLionProjects/TensorFlowTest/CMakeFiles/progress.marks
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make -f CMakeFiles/TensorFlowTest.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/TensorFlowTest.dir/depend
cd /Users/neikr/CLionProjects/TensorFlowTest && /Applications/CLion.app/Contents/bin/cmake/mac/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /Users/neikr/CLionProjects/TensorFlowTest /Users/neikr/CLionProjects/TensorFlowTest /Users/neikr/CLionProjects/TensorFlowTest /Users/neikr/CLionProjects/TensorFlowTest /Users/neikr/CLionProjects/TensorFlowTest/CMakeFiles/TensorFlowTest.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make -f CMakeFiles/TensorFlowTest.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/TensorFlowTest.dir/build
[ 50%] Linking CXX executable TensorFlowTest
/Applications/CLion.app/Contents/bin/cmake/mac/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/TensorFlowTest.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/c++ -g -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk -Wl,-search_paths_first -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names CMakeFiles/TensorFlowTest.dir/main.cpp.o -o TensorFlowTest -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libtensorflow_framework.1.14.0.dylib
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_TF_Version", referenced from:
_main in main.cpp.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [TensorFlowTest] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/TensorFlowTest.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
另外，我尝试将message("TensorFlow_LIBRARIES: ${TensorFlow_LIBRARIES}") 添加到我的 CMake 的末尾，我收到以下消息：
TensorFlow_LIBRARIES: /usr/local/lib/libtensorflow_framework.1.14.0.dylib
【问题讨论】：
-
请在调用中包含详细标志以获取更详细的错误信息。检查您的 cmake 缓存或使用
ccmake检查不正确的路径。 -
欢迎来到 Stackoverflow，第一个问题很好！我认为您将 include 目录 与 link library 混淆了。您应该只在此处包含头文件目录：
include_directories(${TensorFlow_INCLUDE_DIRS})。同样，您只需在此处添加库 (_LIBRARIES)：target_link_libraries(TensorFlowTest ${TensorFlow_LIBRARIES})。 -
查看 TensorFlow 库是否确实找到会很有帮助。考虑将 message("TensorFlow_LIBRARIES: ${TensorFlow_LIBRARIES}") 添加到 CMake 的末尾。或者，按照建议，请将
make VERBOSE=1的输出添加到您的问题帖子中。 -
@squareskittles 我更改了
include_directories(${TensorFlow_INCLUDE_DIRS}上的包含目录。但是我不明白需要添加哪些库。 -
根据您从
message()命令打印出来的结果，更加清晰。find_library()调用仅找到 one 库libtensorflow_framework.1.14.0.dylib，这是预期的行为。一旦find_library()找到one 库，它就会停止搜索。如果您还想找到可能有助于解决链接错误的libtensorflow.dylib，则必须使用不同的TensorFlow_变量指定另一个find_library()调用。
标签： c++ macos tensorflow cmake