AWS 的“凭证应限定在有效区域”的 alexa 顶级站点服务答案

【问题标题】："Credential should be scoped to a valid region" alexa top sites service from AWSAWS 的“凭证应限定在有效区域”的 alexa 顶级站点服务
【发布时间】：2021-11-13 07:43:07
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试访问 alexa topsites 服务。基于此，我从 Alexa 的文档中复制了代码。

代码如下：

import sys, os, base64, datetime, hashlib, hmac 
import requests 



method = 'GET'
service = "AlexaTopSites"
host = "ats.amazonaws.com"
region = 'us-east-1'
endpoint = "ats.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"



request_parameters="Action=TopSites&Count=100&CountryCode=BR&ResponseGroup=Country&Start=301&Url=yahoo.com"




def sign(key, msg):
    return hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), hashlib.sha256).digest()

def getSignatureKey(key, dateStamp, regionName, serviceName):
    kDate = sign(('AWS4' + key).encode('utf-8'), dateStamp)
    kRegion = sign(kDate, regionName)
    kService = sign(kRegion, serviceName)
    kSigning = sign(kService, 'aws4_request')
    return kSigning


access_key = AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
secret_key = AWS_SECRET_KEY



t = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
amzdate = t.strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ')
datestamp = t.strftime('%Y%m%d') # Date w/o time, used in credential scope



canonical_uri = '/' 
canonical_querystring = request_parameters
canonical_headers = 'host:' + host + '\n' + 'x-amz-date:' + amzdate + '\n'
signed_headers = 'host;x-amz-date'
payload_hash = hashlib.sha256(('').encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
canonical_request = method + '\n' + canonical_uri + '\n' + canonical_querystring + '\n' + canonical_headers + '\n' + signed_headers + '\n' + payload_hash



algorithm = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256'
credential_scope = datestamp + '/' + region + '/' + service + '/' + 'aws4_request'
string_to_sign = algorithm + '\n' +  amzdate + '\n' +  credential_scope + '\n' +  hashlib.sha256(canonical_request.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()


signing_key = getSignatureKey(secret_key, datestamp, region, service)


signature = hmac.new(signing_key, (string_to_sign).encode('utf-8'), hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()


authorization_header = algorithm + ' ' + 'Credential=' + access_key + '/' + credential_scope + ', ' +  'SignedHeaders=' + signed_headers + ', ' + 'Signature=' + signature

headers = {'Authorization':authorization_header,"Content-Type":"application/xml",'X-Amz-Date':amzdate, "Accept":"application/xml"}


url="https://ats.amazonaws.com/api"+"?"+request_parameters

r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
r.text

错误信息如下

<?xml version="1.0" ?>\n<aws:TopSitesResponse xmlns:aws="http://ats.amazonaws.com/doc/2005-10-05">\n  <aws:Response xmlns:aws="http://ats.amazonaws.com/doc/2005-07-11">\n    <aws:OperationRequest>\n      <aws:RequestId></aws:RequestId>\n    </aws:OperationRequest>\n    <aws:TopSitesResult>\n      <aws:Alexa>\n        <aws:Request>\n          <aws:Errors>\n            <aws:Error>\n              <aws:ErrorCode><![CDATA["Credential should be scoped to a valid region, not \'us-east-1\'. "]]></aws:ErrorCode>\n            </aws:Error>\n          </aws:Errors>\n        </aws:Request>\n      </aws:Alexa>\n    </aws:TopSitesResult>\n    <aws:ResponseStatus xmlns:aws="http://alexa.amazonaws.com/doc/2005-10-05/">\n      <aws:StatusCode>Error</aws:StatusCode>\n    </aws:ResponseStatus>\n  </aws:Response>\n</aws:TopSitesResponse>

确切的错误代码如下

<aws:ErrorCode><![CDATA["Credential should be scoped to a valid region, not \'us-east-1\'. "]]>

实际上，我已经删除了 IAM 用户并根据 aws 文档重新创建了很多次，但没有任何乐趣。我认为该地区是正确的。虽然我尝试了许多不同的 aws 区域，但它对我不起作用。

我玩过参数（service =“blablalba”，host =“blablalba”，endpoint =“blalbalba”），无论你传递什么参数给arguments，错误响应总是一样的，错误总是一样的.

method = 'GET'
service = "AlexaTopSites"
host = "ats.amazonaws.com"
region = 'us-east-1'
endpoint = "ats.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"

唯一改变错误代码的是区域部分。如果你把 region = "hohoho" ，我得到的错误响应为

"Credential should be scoped to a valid region, not \'hohoho\'. "

PS：我从 AWS Marketplace 订阅了 TopSites 服务。

【问题讨论】：

将 url 更改为 url=f"https://{endpoint}/api?{request_parameters}" 我相信您需要在 url 中指定与您的凭据范围相同的区域。
哇，这真的解决了这个问题，那就是 gr8。谢谢。

标签： python amazon-web-services aws-marketplace

【解决方案1】：

端点 URL 需要与它的子域匹配，以匹配您的凭据所在的区域。因此，如果您有 region = "us-east-1"，则需要调用 ats.us-east-1.amazonaws.com 作为基本 URL。如果您需要更改区域，您可以定义区域变量，然后使用它来形成基本端点变量url = f'https://ats.{region}.amazonaws.com'，以方便使用。

【讨论】：