码头工人 | Postgres 数据库未初始化且未指定超级用户密码

Question

我正在使用 docker-compose.yml 创建多个正在运行的容器，但无法启动 Postgres docker 服务器，并带有以下日志，是的，我搜索了许多相关的 SO 帖子，但它们没有帮助我。

Creating network "complex_default" with the default driver
Creating complex_server_1   ... done
Creating complex_redis_1    ... done
Creating complex_postgres_1 ... done
Attaching to complex_postgres_1, complex_redis_1, complex_server_1
postgres_1  | Error: Database is uninitialized and superuser password is not specified.
postgres_1  |        You must specify POSTGRES_PASSWORD to a non-empty value for the
postgres_1  |        superuser. For example, "-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password" on "docker run".
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  |        You may also use "POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD=trust" to allow all
postgres_1  |        connections without a password. This is *not* recommended.
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  |        See PostgreSQL documentation about "trust":
postgres_1  |        https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auth-trust.html
complex_postgres_1 exited with code 1

下面是我的 docker-compose 配置：

version: '3'
services:
    postgres:
        image: 'postgres:11-alpine'
    redis:
        image: 'redis:latest'
    server:
        build:
            dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
            context: ./server
        volumes:
            - /app/node_modules
            - ./server:/app
        environment:
            - REDIS_HOST=redis
            - REDIS_PORT=6379
            - PGUSER=postgres
            - PGHOST=postgres
            - PGDATABASE=postgres
            - PGPASSWORD=postgres_password
            - PGPORT=5432

以及server 目录内的package.json 如下：

{
    "dependencies": {
        "body-parser": "^1.19.0",
        "cors": "^2.8.4",
        "express": "^4.16.3",
        "nodemon": "^2.0.4",
        "pg": "7.4.3",
        "redis": "^2.8.0"
    },
    "scripts": {
        "dev": "nodemon",
        "start": "node index.js"
    }
}

为了更好地考虑，我附上了我的动手项目结构：

一年前它实际上工作正常，有谁知道，现在我的 docker-compose 文件中出了什么问题。

Answer 1

一年前它实际上工作正常，有谁知道，现在我的 docker-compose 文件中出了什么问题。

好像您提取了新图像，在新图像中您应该指定 Postgres 用户密码。您可以查看 Dockerhub，图像是 更新 一个月前

postgress-11-alpine

  db:
    image: postgres:11-alpine
    restart: always
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: example

因为错误信息是不言自明的

You must specify POSTGRES_PASSWORD to a non-empty value for the
        superuser. For example, "-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password" on "docker run".

或POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD=trust不推荐使用这个。

You may also use "POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD=trust" to allow all
 connections without a password. This is *not* recommended.

POSTGRES_PASSWORD

此环境变量是必需的，您才能使用 PostgreSQL 映像。 不能为空或未定义。此环境变量设置 PostgreSQL 的超级用户密码。默认超级用户由POSTGRES_USER 环境变量定义。

Environment Variables

Answer 2

@Adiii 是的，你几乎是对的，所以我必须明确提到 postgres 图像的环境，但没有 db 父标记。

所以在这里，我明确提到了docker-compose.yaml 配置以帮助其他人更好地理解，现在我使用的是最近稳定的postgres 映像版本12-alpine，目前最新的是postgres:12.3

version: '3'
services:
    postgres:
        image: 'postgres:12-alpine'
        environment:
            POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres_password
    redis:
        image: 'redis:latest'
    server:
        build:
            dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
            context: ./server
        volumes:
            - /app/node_modules
            - ./server:/app
        environment:
            - REDIS_HOST=redis
            - REDIS_PORT=6379
            - PGUSER=postgres
            - PGHOST=postgres
            - PGDATABASE=postgres
            - PGPASSWORD=postgres_password
            - PGPORT=5432

所以docker-compose up之后的创建和运行日志如下：

PS E:\docker\complex> docker-compose up
Creating network "complex_default" with the default driver
Creating complex_postgres_1 ... done
Creating complex_redis_1    ... done
Creating complex_server_1   ... done
Attaching to complex_redis_1, complex_postgres_1, complex_server_1
postgres_1  | The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
postgres_1  | This user must also own the server process.
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  | The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.utf8".
postgres_1  | The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
postgres_1  | The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  | Data page checksums are disabled.
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  | fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/data ... ok
postgres_1  | creating subdirectories ... ok
postgres_1  | selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
postgres_1  | selecting default max_connections ... 100
postgres_1  | selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
postgres_1  | selecting default time zone ... UTC
redis_1     | 1:C 05 Aug 2020 14:24:48.692 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
redis_1     | 1:C 05 Aug 2020 14:24:48.692 # Redis version=6.0.6, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started
redis_1     | 1:C 05 Aug 2020 14:24:48.692 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
postgres_1  | creating configuration files ... ok
redis_1     | 1:M 05 Aug 2020 14:24:48.693 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379.
redis_1     | 1:M 05 Aug 2020 14:24:48.693 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
redis_1     | 1:M 05 Aug 2020 14:24:48.694 # Server initialized
redis_1     | 1:M 05 Aug 2020 14:24:48.694 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
redis_1     | 1:M 05 Aug 2020 14:24:48.694 * Ready to accept connections
postgres_1  | running bootstrap script ... ok
server_1    |
server_1    | > @ dev /app
server_1    | > nodemon
server_1    |
postgres_1  | performing post-bootstrap initialization ... sh: locale: not found
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:50.153 UTC [29] WARNING:  no usable system locales were found
server_1    | [nodemon] 2.0.4
server_1    | [nodemon] to restart at any time, enter `rs`
server_1    | [nodemon] watching path(s): *.*
server_1    | [nodemon] watching extensions: js,mjs,json
server_1    | [nodemon] starting `node index.js`
postgres_1  | ok
server_1    | Listening
postgres_1  | syncing data to disk ... ok
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  | Success. You can now start the database server using:
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  |     pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/data -l logfile start
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  | initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
postgres_1  | You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
postgres_1  | --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
postgres_1  | waiting for server to start....2020-08-05 14:24:51.634 UTC [34] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 12.3 on x86_64-pc-linux-musl, compiled by gcc (Alpine 9.3.0) 9.3.0, 64-bit
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:51.700 UTC [34] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:51.981 UTC [35] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2020-08-05 14:24:50 UTC
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:52.040 UTC [34] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
postgres_1  |  done
postgres_1  | server started
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  | /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: ignoring /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  | waiting for server to shut down....2020-08-05 14:24:52.121 UTC [34] LOG:  received fast shutdown request

postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:52.186 UTC [34] LOG:  aborting any active transactions
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:52.188 UTC [34] LOG:  background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 41) exited with exit code 1
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:52.188 UTC [36] LOG:  shutting down
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:52.669 UTC [34] LOG:  database system is shut down
postgres_1  |  done
postgres_1  | server stopped
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  | PostgreSQL init process complete; ready for start up.
postgres_1  |
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:52.832 UTC [1] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 12.3 on x86_64-pc-linux-musl, compiled by gcc (Alpine 9.3.0) 9.3.0, 64-bit
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:52.832 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:52.832 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:52.954 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:53.136 UTC [43] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2020-08-05 14:24:52 UTC
postgres_1  | 2020-08-05 14:24:53.194 UTC [1] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections

希望这会对很多人有所帮助。

Answer 3

加上 ArifMustafa 的回答，这对我有用。

  postgres:
    image:  'postgres:12-alpine'
    environment:
        POSTGRES_PASSWORD: mypassword
    expose:
      - 5432
    volumes: 
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgres/data/


volumes:
   postgres_data:

Answer 4

在我的情况下，项目级别 settings.py 文件中的 POSTGRES_PASSWORD（在 docker-compose.yml 中）和 PASSWORD 的数据库设置存在错误。

在 docker-compose.yml 中提供密码后

  db:   # For the PostgreSQL database
    image: postgres:11
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=example

必须提供相同的密码才能访问两个容器之间的 POSTGRES 数据库（在我的例子中是 Web 应用程序和依赖于 Web 应用程序的数据库）。在project_level settings.py中：

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'postgres',
        'USER': 'postgres',
        'PASSWORD': 'example',
        'HOST': 'db',
        'PORT': 5432
    }
}