使用 / Python 和 xorg-server 监控计算机上花费的时间

Question

我正在尝试制作一个脚本，它可以帮助我跟踪我在计算机上花费了多长时间。这个脚本应该跟踪我何时开始、停止以及我在每个“任务”上花费了多长时间。经过一番搜索，我找到了一个名为xdotool 的终端实用程序，它将返回当前聚焦的窗口，并且在运行时它的标题如下：xdotool getwindowfocus getwindowna me。例如。当关注此窗口时，它会返回：

linux - Monitering time spent on computer w/ Python and xorg-server - Stack Overflow — Firefox Developer Edition

这正是我想要的。我的第一个想法是检测焦点窗口何时更改，然后获取发生这种情况的时间，但是我找不到任何结果，所以我使用了一个 while 循环，它每 5 秒运行一次这个命令，但这是相当hack-y 并且已经证明很麻烦，我会高度更喜欢 on-focus-change 方法，但这是我现在的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from subprocess import run
from time import time, sleep

log = []
prevwindow = ""

while True:
    currentwindow = run(['xdotool', 'getwindowfocus', 'getwindowname'], 
                                               capture_output=True, text=True).stdout
    if currentwindow != prevwindow:
        for entry in log:
            if currentwindow in entry:
                pass # Calculate time spent

        print(f"{time()}:\t{currentwindow}")
        log.append((time(), currentwindow))
    prevwindow = currentwindow
    sleep(5)

我在 Arch linux 上使用 dwm 应该有什么关系

Answer 1

见this gist。只需将您的日志记录机制放入 handle_change 函数中，它应该可以工作，正如在 Arch Linux - dwm 系统上测试的那样。

出于存档目的，我在这里包含了代码。所有功劳归于 GitHub 上的 Stephan Sokolow (sskolow)。

from contextlib import contextmanager
from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union  # noqa

from Xlib import X
from Xlib.display import Display
from Xlib.error import XError
from Xlib.xobject.drawable import Window
from Xlib.protocol.rq import Event

# Connect to the X server and get the root window
disp = Display()
root = disp.screen().root

# Prepare the property names we use so they can be fed into X11 APIs
NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW = disp.intern_atom('_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW')
NET_WM_NAME = disp.intern_atom('_NET_WM_NAME')  # UTF-8
WM_NAME = disp.intern_atom('WM_NAME')           # Legacy encoding

last_seen = {'xid': None, 'title': None}  # type: Dict[str, Any]


@contextmanager
def window_obj(win_id: Optional[int]) -> Window:
    """Simplify dealing with BadWindow (make it either valid or None)"""
    window_obj = None
    if win_id:
        try:
            window_obj = disp.create_resource_object('window', win_id)
        except XError:
            pass
    yield window_obj


def get_active_window() -> Tuple[Optional[int], bool]:
    """Return a (window_obj, focus_has_changed) tuple for the active window."""
    response = root.get_full_property(NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW,
                                      X.AnyPropertyType)
    if not response:
        return None, False
    win_id = response.value[0]

    focus_changed = (win_id != last_seen['xid'])
    if focus_changed:
        with window_obj(last_seen['xid']) as old_win:
            if old_win:
                old_win.change_attributes(event_mask=X.NoEventMask)

        last_seen['xid'] = win_id
        with window_obj(win_id) as new_win:
            if new_win:
                new_win.change_attributes(event_mask=X.PropertyChangeMask)

    return win_id, focus_changed


def _get_window_name_inner(win_obj: Window) -> str:
    """Simplify dealing with _NET_WM_NAME (UTF-8) vs. WM_NAME (legacy)"""
    for atom in (NET_WM_NAME, WM_NAME):
        try:
            window_name = win_obj.get_full_property(atom, 0)
        except UnicodeDecodeError:  # Apparently a Debian distro package bug
            title = "<could not decode characters>"
        else:
            if window_name:
                win_name = window_name.value  # type: Union[str, bytes]
                if isinstance(win_name, bytes):
                    # Apparently COMPOUND_TEXT is so arcane that this is how
                    # tools like xprop deal with receiving it these days
                    win_name = win_name.decode('latin1', 'replace')
                return win_name
            else:
                title = "<unnamed window>"

    return "{} (XID: {})".format(title, win_obj.id)


def get_window_name(win_id: Optional[int]) -> Tuple[Optional[str], bool]:
    """Look up the window name for a given X11 window ID"""
    if not win_id:
        last_seen['title'] = None
        return last_seen['title'], True

    title_changed = False
    with window_obj(win_id) as wobj:
        if wobj:
            try:
                win_title = _get_window_name_inner(wobj)
            except XError:
                pass
            else:
                title_changed = (win_title != last_seen['title'])
                last_seen['title'] = win_title

    return last_seen['title'], title_changed


def handle_xevent(event: Event):
    """Handler for X events which ignores anything but focus/title change"""
    if event.type != X.PropertyNotify:
        return

    changed = False
    if event.atom == NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW:
        if get_active_window()[1]:
            get_window_name(last_seen['xid'])  # Rely on the side-effects
            changed = True
    elif event.atom in (NET_WM_NAME, WM_NAME):
        changed = changed or get_window_name(last_seen['xid'])[1]

    if changed:
        handle_change(last_seen)


def handle_change(new_state: dict):
    """Replace this with whatever you want to actually do"""
    print(new_state)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Listen for _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW changes
    root.change_attributes(event_mask=X.PropertyChangeMask)

    # Prime last_seen with whatever window was active when we started this
    get_window_name(get_active_window()[0])
    handle_change(last_seen)

    while True:  # next_event() sleeps until we get an event
        handle_xevent(disp.next_event())