无法更新 pip 或在 pip 中安装任何东西。使用蟒蛇答案

【问题标题】：unable to update pip or install anything in pip. using anaconda无法更新 pip 或在 pip 中安装任何东西。使用蟒蛇
【发布时间】：2018-07-18 16:36:20
【问题描述】：

我在 Windows 10 上使用 anaconda。在 pip 中安装任何东西时遇到问题。我感觉自己陷入了一个循环。当我尝试安装任何东西时，我收到有关权限错误的消息

PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\Shared\\Anaconda3_64\\Lib\\site-packages\\virtualenv.py'

以及更新 pip 的消息。但是当我尝试更新 pip 时，我再次收到权限错误

PermissionError: [WinError 5] Access is denied: 'c:\\program files (x86)\\microsoft visual studio\\shared\\anaconda3_64\\lib\\site-packages\\pip\\basecommand.py'

例如我正在尝试通过pip install virtualenv 安装virtualenv 我得到了：

  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b6/30/96a02b2287098b23b875bc8c2f58071c35d2efe84f747b64d523721dc2b5/virtualenv-16.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 784, in install
    **kwargs
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 851, in install
    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 1064, in move_wheel_files
    isolated=self.isolated,
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\wheel.py", line 345, in move_wheel_files
    clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\wheel.py", line 323, in clobber
    shutil.copyfile(srcfile, destfile)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\shutil.py", line 121, in copyfile
    with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\Shared\\Anaconda3_64\\Lib\\site-packages\\virtualenv.py'
You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 10.0.1 is available.

当我尝试更新 pip 由

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

我明白了：

Collecting pip
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0f/74/ecd13431bcc456ed390b44c8a6e917c1820365cbebcb6a8974d1cd045ab4/pip-10.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 9.0.1
    Uninstalling pip-9.0.1:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\shutil.py", line 544, in move
    os.rename(src, real_dst)
PermissionError: [WinError 5] Access is denied: 'c:\\program files (x86)\\microsoft visual studio\\shared\\anaconda3_64\\lib\\site-packages\\pip' -> 'C:\\Users\\dsandhu\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-1ef03cka-uninstall\\program files (x86)\\microsoft visual studio\\shared\\anaconda3_64\\lib\\site-packages\\pip'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 778, in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 754, in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
    renames(path, new_path)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 267, in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\shutil.py", line 556, in move
    rmtree(src)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\shutil.py", line 494, in rmtree
    return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\shutil.py", line 389, in _rmtree_unsafe
    onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Anaconda3_64\lib\shutil.py", line 387, in _rmtree_unsafe
    os.unlink(fullname)
PermissionError: [WinError 5] Access is denied: 'c:\\program files (x86)\\microsoft visual studio\\shared\\anaconda3_64\\lib\\site-packages\\pip\\basecommand.py'
You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 10.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

【问题讨论】：

以管理员身份运行 anaconda

标签： python python-3.x pip anaconda

【解决方案1】：

您的 anaconda 安装在程序文件下，需要管理员权限才能写入。以管理员身份运行 cmd 并再次尝试 pip，或者将 anaconda 安装到 Users/username/Anaconda

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

除了以管理员身份运行 anaconda，您还可以尝试在 Anaconda Prompt 本身中安装 Conda

【讨论】：

正如@Bayko 在 cmets 中所建议的那样。我以管理员身份打开 anaconda 并完成了这项工作。

【解决方案3】：

尝试使用具有管理员权限的命令提示符。

按照以下步骤操作：

在开始搜索中输入 cmd。
在结果中，您将看到“cmd”。
右键单击它并从上下文菜单中选择以管理员身份运行。

然后尝试通过运行来升级 pip：

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

Anaconda 可以作为系统管理员用户安装。在这种情况下，以管理员身份启动控制台窗口（右键单击 cmd.exe 并选择以管理员身份运行），您应该能够按预期更新和安装软件包。

【讨论】：