【问题标题】:How to modify xml using Beautiful Soup?如何使用 Beautiful Soup 修改 xml?
【发布时间】:2020-11-10 15:13:48
【问题描述】:

我正在尝试修改 xml 文件中的查找数据元素。 xml的一个sn-p如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Configuration>
    <Options>
        <SampleRate>1000</SampleRate>
        <MaxStateSize>1</MaxStateSize>
        <MaxOutputSize>1</MaxOutputSize>
    </Options>

    <CustomDefinitions>
        <MyRser class="OhmicResistance">
            <Object class="LookupObj2dWithState">
                <RowState cacheref="Soc"/>
                <ColState cacheref="ThermalState"/>
                <LookupData>
                    0.02597518381655694900, 0.02513715386193249600, 0.02394715132636577100, 0.02325996676357371800, 0.02317075771456176400, 0.02277814077034603900, 0.02267913709322775700, 0.02258569292134297900, 0.02235026503875497600, 0.02222478423822949300, 0.02207606555239715500, 0.02198493491067361700, 0.02188144525929673300, 0.02167985791309091600, 0.02145797158835977700, 0.02137484908165417400, 0.02126561803424023600, 0.02124462299304301700, 0.02123310358079429400, 0.02126287857906075300, 0.02094998489960795500, 0.02073326148328196600, 0.02062489977511897100, 0.02038933084432985300;
                </LookupData>
                <MeasurementPointsRow desc="StateOfCharge">
                -5, 0, 7.100000e+00, 1.120000e+01, 16, 2.080000e+01, 2.560000e+01, 3.040000e+01, 3.520000e+01, 4.010000e+01, 4.490000e+01, 4.970000e+01, 5.450000e+01, 5.930000e+01, 6.420000e+01, 69, 7.380000e+01, 7.860000e+01, 8.350000e+01, 8.830000e+01, 9.310000e+01, 9.770000e+01, 100, 105
                </MeasurementPointsRow>
                <MeasurementPointsColumn desc="ThermalState">
                25
                </MeasurementPointsColumn>
            </Object>
        </MyRser>

我想修改查找数据并使用该修改保存 xml 的副本。我就是这样做的:

with open('....xml') as fp:
        contents = fp.read()
        soup = BeautifulSoup(contents, 'lxml')

        tag = soup.find(elem_name).find(elem_path).lookupdata
        tag.replace_with(str(values))

    #saves the modified data as a new xml version
    teslaname= elem_name+key
    
    with open('modified.xml', 'w') as file:  
        file.write(str(soup))
        file.close()

但是,当我这样做时,具体的修改已经完成,但它改变了 xml 结构。

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><html><body><configuration>
<options>
<samplerate>1000</samplerate>
<maxstatesize>1</maxstatesize>
<maxoutputsize>1</maxoutputsize>
</options>
<customdefinitions>
<myrser class="OhmicResistance">
<object class="LookupObj2dWithState">
<rowstate cacheref="Soc"></rowstate>
<colstate cacheref="ThermalState"></colstate>
0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339, 0.02217779408499339
<measurementpointsrow desc="StateOfCharge">
                -5, 0, 7.100000e+00, 1.120000e+01, 16, 2.080000e+01, 2.560000e+01, 3.040000e+01, 3.520000e+01, 4.010000e+01, 4.490000e+01, 4.970000e+01, 5.450000e+01, 5.930000e+01, 6.420000e+01, 69, 7.380000e+01, 7.860000e+01, 8.350000e+01, 8.830000e+01, 9.310000e+01, 9.770000e+01, 100, 105
                </measurementpointsrow>
<measurementpointscolumn desc="ThermalState">
                25
                </measurementpointscolumn>
</object>
</myrser>

我想保留结构,只修改数据。我知道它可以通过 ElementTree 来完成,但是我需要我的代码来运行,beautifulsoup 更易于使用。那么如果只考虑使用beautifulsoup,如何在不丢失xml原始结构的情况下编辑和保存一份xml呢? 任何帮助将不胜感激。

【问题讨论】:

    标签: python-3.x xml beautifulsoup lxml


    【解决方案1】:

    使用 lxml,您可以执行以下操作:

    from lxml import etree
    config = """[your xml above, corrected - it's not well formed]"""
    new_values = "1,2,3,4"
    doc = etree.XML(config.encode())
    target = doc.xpath('//LookupData')[0]
    target.text = new_values
    print(etree.tostring(doc).decode())
    

    输出:

    <Configuration>
        <Options>
            <SampleRate>1000</SampleRate>
            <MaxStateSize>1</MaxStateSize>
            <MaxOutputSize>1</MaxOutputSize>
        </Options>
    
        <CustomDefinitions>
            <MyRser class="OhmicResistance">
                <Object class="LookupObj2dWithState">
                    <RowState cacheref="Soc"/>
                    <ColState cacheref="ThermalState"/>
                    <LookupData>1,2,3,4</LookupData>
                    <MeasurementPointsRow desc="StateOfCharge">
                    -5, 0, 7.100000e+00, 1.120000e+01, 16, 2.080000e+01, 2.560000e+01, 3.040000e+01, 3.520000e+01, 4.010000e+01, 4.490000e+01, 4.970000e+01, 5.450000e+01, 5.930000e+01, 6.420000e+01, 69, 7.380000e+01, 7.860000e+01, 8.350000e+01, 8.830000e+01, 9.310000e+01, 9.770000e+01, 100, 105
                    </MeasurementPointsRow>
                    <MeasurementPointsColumn desc="ThermalState">
                    25
                    </MeasurementPointsColumn>
                </Object>
            </MyRser>
            </CustomDefinitions>
        </Configuration>
    

    【讨论】:

    • doc.xpath 中的索引值 [0] 表示什么......其次,对于 xml 中的其他元素......如果我想用类似的东西自动化 xpath:soc = doc.xpath('//CustomDefinitions//'+elem1+'[@class="'+elem2+'"]//MeasurementPointsRow[@ desc="StateOfCharge"]/text()')... 它给了我错误在 element2 因为它无法读取..我该如何解决...这里 elem1 和 elem2 是我想要循环的列表
    • 至于第一部分——doc.xpath('//LookupData') 返回一个list(在这种情况下是len()=1,虽然它不影响这里的结果);您必须使用[0] 索引来访问该列表中的目标节点,以便您可以修改其文本属性值。至于第二部分——我不太明白,无论如何,你应该把它作为一个单独的问题发布,并附上所有必要的细节。
    【解决方案2】:

    要保持 XML 结构,在写入文件时使用.prettify() 方法:

    file.write(str(soup.prettify()))
    

    注意:

    1. BeautifulSoup 将 XML 标签转换为小写。

    2. 由于您使用上下文管理器打开文件,因此无需使用file.close()关闭文件,退出缩进块时文件将自动关闭。

    【讨论】:

    • 感谢您的回复。问题是通过beautifulsoap 修改向xml 添加了一个html 标记,这就是为什么,它在我尝试使用和运行修改后的xml 的进一步代码中给了我一个错误
    • 关于你提到的第一点..有没有办法我们不能使用所有标签小写功能?
    • @user14447985 我不确定您是否可以更改 BS 不应将标签转换为小写。查看将解析器更改为 html.parser 而不是 lxml 是否可以避免添加额外的标签,或者查看 this 是否可以解决问题。
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