Python matplotlib.animation Jupyter Notebook

Question

我使用 Windows 10 / 64 / 谷歌浏览器

我在 Jupyter 上找到了一个很好的动画设置，调用 %matplotlib 笔记本，如下所示：

import numpy as np
import scipy.stats as st
%matplotlib notebook
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation

例如，这个运行良好：

n = 100
X = st.norm(0,1).rvs(200)
number_of_frames = np.size(X)

def update_hist(num, second_argument):
    plt.cla()
    plt.hist(X[:num], bins = 20)
    plt.title("{}".format(num))
    plt.legend()

fig = plt.figure()
hist = plt.hist(X)

ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update_hist, number_of_frames, fargs=(X, ), repeat = False )
plt.show()

但是，奇怪的是，下面的代码在结构相同时不起作用，这让我很困惑：

X = np.linspace(-5,5, 150)
number_of_frames = np.size(X)
N_max = 100
N = np.arange(1,N_max+1)
h = 1/np.sqrt(N)

def update_plot(n, second_argument):
    #plt.cla()
    plt.plot(X, [f(x) for x in X], c = "y", label = "densité")
    plt.plot(X, [fen(sample_sort[:n],h[n],x) for x in X], label = "densité")
    plt.title("n = {}".format(n))

fig = plt.figure(6)
plot = plt.plot(X, [f(x) for x in X], c = "y", label = "densité")
    
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update_plot, number_of_frames, fargs=(X, ), repeat = False )
plt.show()

感谢您的帮助，最好的问候。

编辑：你没有功能 fen(sample_sort[:n],h[n],x) 它是一个从浮点到浮点的函数，在参数中接受 x 并返回一个浮点数。参数 sample_sort[:n],h[n] 它只是我试图理解一些统计数据的数学问题，你可以用你想要的 np.cos(N[:n]) 来替换。

编辑：根据建议的新代码：

N_max = 100
X = np.linspace(-5,5, N_max )
number_of_frames = np.size(X)
N = np.arange(1,N_max+1)
h = 1/np.sqrt(N)

def update_plot(n):
    #plt.cla()
    lines.set_data(X, np.array([fen(sample_sort[:n],h[n],x) for x in X]))
    ax.set_title("n = {}".format(n))
    return lines

fig = plt.figure()

ax = plt.axes(xlim=(-4, 4), ylim=(-0.01, 1))
ax.plot(X, np.array([f(x) for x in X]), 'y-', lw=2, label="d")
lines, = ax.plot([], [], 'b--', lw=3, label="f")

ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update_plot, number_of_frames, repeat = False )
plt.show()

编辑 2：

我在互联网上找到了一个代码，它完全符合我的要求

# Fermi-Dirac Distribution
def fermi(E: float, E_f: float, T: float) -> float:
    return 1/(np.exp((E - E_f)/(k_b * T)) + 1)

# Create figure and add axes
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

# Get colors from coolwarm colormap
colors = plt.get_cmap('coolwarm', 10)

# Temperature values
T = np.array([100*i for i in range(1,11)])

# Create variable reference to plot
f_d, = ax.plot([], [], linewidth=2.5)

# Add text annotation and create variable reference
temp = ax.text(1, 1, '', ha='right', va='top', fontsize=24)

# Set axes labels
ax.set_xlabel('Energy (eV)')
ax.set_ylabel('Fraction')

# Animation function
def animate(i):
    x = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)
    y = fermi(x, 0.5, T[i])
    f_d.set_data(x, y)
    f_d.set_color(colors(i))
    temp.set_text(str(int(T[i])) + ' K')
    temp.set_color(colors(i))

# Create animation
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames=range(len(T)), interval=500, repeat=False)

# Ensure the entire plot is visible
fig.tight_layout()

# show animation
plt.show()

Answer 1

我想随机画一条曲线，因为函数的实际状态是未知的。基本结构是这样的，请在此基础上进行修改。

import numpy as np
import scipy.stats as st
# %matplotlib notebook
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
# from IPython.display import HTML
# from matplotlib.animation import PillowWriter

X = np.linspace(-5,5, 100)
number_of_frames = np.size(X)
N_max = 100
N = np.arange(1,N_max+1)
h = 1/np.sqrt(N)

def update_plot(n):
    #plt.cla()
    lines.set_data(X[:n], h[:n])
    lines2.set_data(X[:n], h[:n]*-1)
    ax.set_title("n = {}".format(n))
    return lines, lines2

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(xlim=(-5, 5), ylim=(-1, 1))
lines, = ax.plot([], [], 'y-', lw=2, label="densité")
lines2, = ax.plot([], [], 'b--', lw=3, label="densité2")

ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update_plot, frames=number_of_frames, repeat=False )
plt.show()
# ani.save('lines_ani2.gif', writer='pillow')

# plt.close()
# HTML(ani.to_html5_video())